1. Нижеследующая работа кратко описывает то основное свойство экономической теории, которое сведет основную задачу данной науки к математической форме. Поскольку экономика действительно имеет дело с количествами, она по необходимости всегда была математической в своей сути. Но отрогам и обобщающим утверждениям и простоте понимания ее количественных законов всегда мешало пренебрежение теми мощными методами выражения, которые с таким успехом применялись в большинстве других наук. Однако не следует полагать, что, поскольку экономика становится математической по форме, она станет поэтому предметом точных вычислений. Ее математические принципы могут стать формальными и определенными, тогда как ее индивидуальные данные остаются такими же неточными, какими были всегда.

Полная версия публикации

Основную проблему экономики можно свести к строгой математической форме, и лишь отсутствие точных данных для определения ее законов или функций методом индукции никогда не позволит ей стать точной наукой.

Полная версия публикации

Нобелевская премия по экономике 1983 г.
Американский экономист Жерар Дебрё родился в г. Кале, Франция. Его родителями были Камиль и Фернарда (урожденная Дешарне) Дебрё. Оба его деда и отец были владельцами небольшого предприятия по производству кружев, традиционного в тех местах.

Полная версия публикации

A sizable amount of attention in the history of economic thought has been devoted to unraveling the unique contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith. Not nearly as much the subject of contention as is Thorstein Veblen--the intellectual figure with whom his thought is most often compared--Galbraith is no less controversial.1 Yet within the discourse and despite some guidance from Galbraith in interviews and his "official" and "unofficial" memoirs, very little has been said about a key period in Galbraith's intellectual development, a period that laid much of the philosophical groundwork for his ensuing research agenda. During the second half of the 1930s, following his early New Deal service and initial Harvard appointment, Galbraith became something of a peripatetic scholar, teacher, and researcher and found himself employed as a "tutor-in-residence" to Boston businessman Henry S. Dennison. The two subsequently penned two largely overlooked monographs, Modern Competition and Business Policy and Toward Full Employment, both of which were published in 1938.

Полная версия публикации

Retired Harvard University economist John Kenneth Galbraith developed an illustrious career arguing that the public sector should be expanded and that the private sector--especially dominant large firms that make up the "new industrial state"--should be more tightly controlled by government (Galbraith 1967). With with and a writing style that remains the envy of novelists, Galbraith has argued for four decades that an "affluent [capitalistic] society" would be beset with problems of a dominant business sector and upper income class, an anemic public infrastructure, and an impoverished underclass unless a caring and enlightened electorate used the power of their votes to do what was right (Galbraith 1958). Doing what was right generally meant making government a "countervailing power," or an offsetting social force, to the large and growing multinational corporations (Galbraith 1952). It meant fine tuning the economy with macroeconomic fiscal and monetary controls, even national planning that would supplant corporate planning; increasing tax rates on the rich; and expanding government expenditures on a variety of social programs.

Полная версия публикации

JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH is not only one of the celebrated names of our times, his writings are themselves one of the revealing symptoms of these times. His latest book, The Culture of Contentment (Houghton Mifflin, .95), is guaranteed a market simply because of his name on the cover. Yet the track record of his ideas is far from matching the sales records of his books.
In his most famous book, The Affluent Society, Professor Galbraith argued that Americans had reached such a level of general prosperity as to make questions of income distribution politically moot. Almost immediately there began more than three decades of the most intense preoccupation with income distribution in the history of the republic

Полная версия публикации

John Kenneth Galbraith turns 90 on October 15 and, despite a still-hectic lecture and travel schedule, is busily putting the finishing touches on his forty-third book. It's a collection of sketches of the public figures he's worked with or known personally over the past six decades, from Presidents Kennedy and Johnson to Jawaharlal Nehru and Eleanor Roosevelt. Slyly attuned to our fin de siecle infatuation with celebrity, he told me when we last spoke that his working title was Name Dropping

Полная версия публикации

In trying to explain the 1987 stock market crash, many analysts drew obvious but vague comparisons with the events of 1929. Newspapers published a chart, reproduced in Figure 1, showing the bull market of the 1920s superimposed on the 1980s. The degree of similarity between the two periods up to the crash was striking. Yet while analysts noted this close correspondence, they drew few inferences from it. Comparisons proved difficult because the crash of 1929 had received little scholarly attention since Galbraith's The Great Crash 1929 (1954).

Полная версия публикации

JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH | Without question the most important development was the rise of the modern productive apparatus--and its continuing cyclical instability, its unerring return to boom and bust. There was the not unrelated, enormous human tragedy of the two world wars. The aggregate human suffering and fear, of people facing death and the death of loved ones, has probably been unparalleled in history.

Полная версия публикации

If the "march of events," rather than the support of scholars, is the basis for evaluating economic theories, then Galbraith undoubtedly ranks among the leading economists of the century.

Полная версия публикации