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Vladimir, I, Saint/Grand Prince of Kiev (c. 950-1015) На фото: Vladimir, I, Saint/Grand Prince of Kiev (c. 950-1015), автор: admin

Публикация №1188915143 04 сентября 2007

Grand prince of Kiev and first Christian ruler in Russia, whose reign consolidated the Eastern Slavs and Finnish-Baltic tribes into a single Russian state...

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Peter the Great Issues Reforms, 1689-1725 На фото: Peter the Great Issues Reforms, 1689-1725, автор: admin

Публикация №1188915059 04 сентября 2007

Westernization of Russia...

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Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220-1263) На фото: Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220-1263), автор: admin

Публикация №1188914997 04 сентября 2007

Prince of Novgorod and grand duke of Vladimir, whose policy of collaboration with the Mongols resulted in the unification of Russia and forever altered its history...

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Emancipation of the Serfs (Russia), March 3, 1861 [historical document] На фото: Emancipation of the Serfs (Russia), March 3, 1861 [historical document], автор: admin

Публикация №1188914914 04 сентября 2007

Realization by the Tsar that some social change was inevitable...

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Anton Denikin (1872-1947) [Russian general] На фото: Anton Denikin (1872-1947) [Russian general], автор: admin

Публикация №1188914857 04 сентября 2007

Leader of the White Volunteer Army which in 1919, during the Russian Civil War, nearly succeeded in defeating the "Red" Bolshevik forces...

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Soviet Union as an Ally, 1919-1940 На фото: Soviet Union as an Ally, 1919-1940, автор: admin

Публикация №1188914774 04 сентября 2007

Although they had defeated Germany in World War I (1914-1918), the nations of Western Europe, particularly Britain and France, feared its potential resurgence and looked for a collective means of resisting it in the 1920s and 1930s. Over the course of these two decades this endeavor included bilateral security alliances with Eastern European nations, faith in international organizations such as the League of Nations to keep the peace, multinational antiwar agreements, lobbying for a formal security commitment from the United States, and the official appeasement of German demands to revise the World War I peace settlement. Yet, all these efforts failed. Germany was not deterred from its aggressive course, and its invasion of Poland in September 1939 drew Britain and France into conflict for the second time in twenty-one years...

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French and Russian Revolutions На фото: French and Russian Revolutions, автор: admin

Публикация №1188914719 04 сентября 2007

When revolution erupted in Russia in 1917, many of its leaders self- consciously identified their situation with the turbulent era of the French Revolution (1789). Events, trends, individuals, groups, and ideologies either took on or were assigned identities that mirrored previous occurrences in revolutionary France. Bolshevik war commissar Lev Trotsky was compared to French revolutionary general and later emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Trotsky's great rival, Josef Stalin, who was accused of reversing revolutionary ambitions as he rose to power, was said to have ushered in a "Thermidorian Reaction," an allusion to the restrained period that followed the most radical phase of the French Revolution...

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British Entry Into World War I На фото: British Entry Into World War I, автор: admin

Публикация №1188914672 04 сентября 2007

As the nations of Europe moved toward war in the summer of 1914, one of the burning questions was whether Britain would enter the fray. Despite its growing closeness to France and Russia in the decade before the war, Britain had avoided firm alliance commitments to both powers. Although its relations with Germany had become strained, a series of diplomatic visits and talks suggested that these tensions might be ameliorated. Observers could only speculate what the British might do...

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The Whites in the Russian Civil War На фото: The Whites in the Russian Civil War, автор: admin

Публикация №1188914618 04 сентября 2007

The Bolshevik coup of October 1917 produced determined opponents. The rise of a radical socialist regime confronted the elites of the old order, challenging their role in government and society, as well as their existence. Within only a few weeks, organized armed opposition began to take form, plunging Russia into a civil war that the Bolsheviks eventually won...

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Tsarist Secret Police in Revolutionary Russia На фото: Tsarist Secret Police in Revolutionary Russia, автор: admin

Публикация №1188914572 04 сентября 2007

This chapter debates the effectiveness of the tsarist secret police, the Okhrana. As an authoritarian government, the tsarist state employed political police to monitor opinion, investigate revolutionary groups, follow suspicious and disloyal suspects, and generally prop up the regime through police work...

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