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Environment Of Russia

Дата публикации: 04 сентября 2007
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: RUSSIA (TOPICS) GEOGRAPHY and CLIMATE →
Источник: (c) http://russia.by
Номер публикации: №1188909303


Decades of Soviet mismanagement resulted in the catastrophic pollution of land, air, rivers, and seacoasts. Air pollution is especially a problem in the Urals and Kuznetsk (where vast populations are exposed to hazardous emissions from metal-processing plants) as well as in the Volga and Moscow regions. In 1992 Russia had the world's third-highest level of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, which totaled 2.1 billion metric tons, a per capita level of 14.11 metric tons. However, in 1996 the total dropped to 1.5 billion metric tons and in 2000 the total was about 1.4 billion metric tons.

The Volga River has been damaged through rash exploitation of hydroelectric power. Lake Baikal (Ozero Baykul) is the largest freshwater reservoir in the world, but has been heavily polluted through agricultural and industrial development.

About 7.8% of Russia's total land area was protected as of 2003, including 8 natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and 35 Ramsar wetland sites. According to a 2006 report issued by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), threatened species included 43 types of mammals, 47 species of birds, 6 types of reptiles, 18 species of fish, 1 type of mollusk, 29 species of other invertebrates, and 7 species of plants. Threatened species included Atlantic sturgeon, beluga, crested shelduck, Amur leopard, Siberian tiger, Mediterranean monk seal, Wrangel lemming, and the Oriental stork. The great auk, Palla's cormorant, and Steller's sea cow have become extinct.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 04 сентября 2007 года

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