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Порталус

Armed Forces Of Russia

Дата публикации: 04 сентября 2007
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: RUSSIA (TOPICS) ARMED FORCES →
Источник: (c) http://russia.by
Номер публикации: №1188909639


With the collapse of the original Soviet Union in 1992, Russia established a separate Ministry of Defense and military establishment upon the wreckage of the Soviet armed forces. Still formidable in terms of weapons and equipment, the Russian armed forces reached a low state of morale and effectiveness in 1993, "hollowed" by low-manning, the failure of draft calls, diversion to survival tasks rather than training, and lack of discipline. In the following years, military reforms were undertaken. The first phase, completed by the end of 1998, involved reorganization of the military command structure, redistricting, and troop reductions. The second phase focused on equipment modernization and operational readiness. Readiness was also improved in response to the NATO bombing of Serbia following hostilities in Kosovo.

In 2005, active Russian armed forces personnel numbered 1,037,000, with the number of reservists totaling 20,000,000. The Russian Army in 2005 had an estimated 395,000 active members, which were backed by a formidable weapons inventory of over 22,800 main battle tanks, 150 light tanks, more than 2,000 reconnaissance vehicles, over 15,090 armored infantry fighting vehicles, more than 9,900 armored personnel carriers, over 30,045 artillery pieces (towed and self-propelled), and over 628 attack helicopters. Russia has assumed the responsibility of the Soviet Union to reduce by treaty its strategic arsenal and conventional forces in Europe, but remains the world's second most formidable nuclear nation. Russia's nuclear arsenal is estimated at 12,000-19,000 strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons.

The Russian Navy has surrendered little of its strength to the break-away republics. The Navy numbers 142,000 personnel. It controls 46 tactical submarines, including 8 nuclear-powered nonballistic missile submarines (SSGNs), and 18 nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs). Major surface combat units include 1 aircraft carrier, 6 cruisers, 15 destroyers, 19 frigates, 25 corvettes, 72 patrol and coastal vessels, 41 mine warfare ships, and 436 logistics/support vessels. The naval air arm has an estimated 35,000 personnel backed by 226 combat capable aircraft including 58 bombers, 49 fighters, 68 fighter ground attack aircraft, 11 attack helicopters, and 120 antisubmarine warfare helicopters. Naval infantry and coastal defense forces (designed for naval base defense) deploy 9,500 troops with ground combat artillery and missile weapons.

Russia's Air Force consists of a long-range aviation command, a tactical aviation command, military transport aviation command, training schools, and operational combat units. As of 2005, active personnel numbered an estimated 170,000. The principal tactical weapons systems remain MiG and Su fighters and fighter-attack aircraft and armed helicopters. In 2005, the Air Force had 1,852 combat capable aircraft that included 1,094 fighters and 757 fighter ground attack aircraft.

Russia's joint service Strategic Deterrent Forces had an estimated 129,000 active personnel in 2005. Of that total, the Navy accounted for 11,000 personnel and was responsible for the nation's fleet of 15 SSBNs and its submarine launched ballistic missile force. The Air Force accounted for another 38,000 personnel through its Long-Range Aviation Command, which was responsible for the country's strategic bomber force of 80 aircraft. Another estimated 40,000 personnel were assigned to three Rocket Armies and were known as Strategic Missile Force Troops. This element of the Strategic Defense Forces was responsible for the operation of the nation's land-based ICBMs, of which there were around 570 launchers carrying 2,035 nuclear warheads. In addition to the Strategic Defense Forces, another 40,000 personnel were assigned to the Space Forces, whose mission was to detect a possible missile attack on the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as to implement the nation's Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) and the launch and control of military/dual-use spacecraft.

There are also 415,100 paramilitary forces assigned to specialized security functions for border protection, river patrols, customs duties, installation and plant protection, transportation security, riot duty, and internal security. The number of border guards are estimated at 160,000, while interior troops number 170,000.

Although Russia has scaled back the Soviet Union's defense forces, the Russian armed forces still maintain a global presence. In addition to troops remaining in Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, and Tajikistan, Russia maintains military missions or units in the Ukraine, Syria, and Africa. Russian units have also participated in peacekeeping operations in the region and supported the UN in other separate missions. The defense budget in 2005 totaled $18.8 billion.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 04 сентября 2007 года

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