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Industry Of Russia

Дата публикации: 04 сентября 2007
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: RUSSIA (TOPICS) ECONOMY →
Источник: (c) http://russia.by
Номер публикации: №1188911598


Major manufacturing industries include crude steel, cars and trucks, aircraft, machine equipment, chemicals (including fertilizers), plastics, cement and other building materials, medical and scientific instruments, textiles, handicrafts, paper, television sets, appliances, and foodstuffs.

Steel production remains a key industry. Once the world leader in the production of steel, that Russian industry fell on hard times in the 1980s as Soviet-made products could not keep up with the quality or output of competitors. Nonetheless, plants continue to operate although less than half use updated equipment.

Aluminum and nickel production continue, particularly in mineral-rich Siberia. The largest companies are the Noril'sk Nickel Joint-Stock Company, Bratsk Aluminum, Krasnoyarsk Aluminum, and Sayan Aluminum. European Russia and the Ural region continue to serve as the center for the production of textiles and machine industry. Chemical production is scattered throughout the country, while the center of the oil and gas industry remains the region of the Caucasus Mountains and Caspian Sea. Russia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, and the eighth-largest oil reserves. It is also the world's largest exporter of natural gas, the second-largest oil exporter, and the third-largest energy consumer. The oil industry is dominated by 11 large companies which account for around 90% of production and close to 80% of refining. Russia had 41 oil refineries in 2005, with a total capacity of 5.44 million barrels per day. Russia's energy riches bring it political power. As of 2006, a proposed 1,200 km, $5 billion gas pipeline along the Baltic seabed was due to be completed in 2010; it would offer Russia's gas export monopoly, Gazprom, a direct link with its main Western European markets, bypassing Poland and the Baltic states, which had hoped for an alternate route bringing them extra transit fees.

Industrial expansion is mainly in consumer goods and food processing, often embraced by enterprises converting from military production, which dominated industry output in the former Soviet Union.

Russia's industrial base is outmoded and must be restructured or replaced in order for the country to maintain strong economic growth. Nonetheless, Russia emerged from its 1998 economic crisis with an industrial growth rate of 5.2% in 2001. That year, industry accounted for 39% of GDP and employed 28% of the work force. In 2004, the industrial production growth rate was 6.4%; industry accounted for 33.9% of GDP and some 22% of the labor force. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber made up 80% of Russia's exports in 2004, followed by iron and steel, aluminum, and machinery and equipment. Russia's wealth of, and export of, natural resources leave it vulnerable to swings in world prices. Other industrial areas of growth in the mid-2000s included construction, automotive equipment, aircraft, and food processing.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 04 сентября 2007 года

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