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Smolensk

Дата публикации: 20 сентября 2007
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: RUSSIA (TOPICS) SUBDIVISIONS →
Источник: (c) http://russia.by
Номер публикации: №1190293775


Smolensk, city in the western part of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, close to Belorussia; the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast (district) and one of the oldest Russian cities. Jews lived in Smolensk from the fifteenth century. Before World War II more than 13,000 Jews lived there, out of a total population of 156,677.

On July 16, 1941, the Germans captured the part of Smolensk on the west bank of the Dnieper, and the part on the east bank was taken on July 29. Major sections of the city and its outskirts were destroyed in the fighting. Before the occupation, however, most of the population, including the majority of the Jews, had been evacuated from the city or had left on their own.

In the first few months of the occupation, Smolensk was the headquarters of Einsatzgruppe B and was also occupied by Vorkommando (Advance Unit) Moskau, an Einsatzgruppe B detachment that was designated for entry into the Soviet capital with the German army. The German advance having been halted, the Vorkommando was kept busy in Smolensk and its environs, setting up a Judenrat (Jewish Council), introducing the yellow badge, and putting Jews on forced labor. In August a ghetto was established in the Sadki suburb in which two thousand Jews were concentrated, some apparently brought there from nearby settlements. In one Aktion by the Vorkommando, thirty-eight Jewish intellectuals in the ghetto were murdered, having been accused of causing unrest and rebellion in the ghetto. At the beginning of December 1941, Einsatzgruppe B published statistical data on the city's population at the time, according to national origin. The total population was 24,450; the Jews are not listed among the nationalities, and it may therefore be assumed that by that time all of them had been liquidated.

Smolensk was liberated by the Soviets on September 25, 1943.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 20 сентября 2007 года

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