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ÀÄÀÌ ÑÌÈÒ ÊÀÊ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔ-ÌÎÐÀËÈÑÒ Íà ôîòî: ÀÄÀÌ ÑÌÈÒ ÊÀÊ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔ-ÌÎÐÀËÈÑÒ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938838 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Àäàì Ñìèò (1723-1790) çíàêîì íàøåìó ÷èòàòåëþ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì êàê àâòîð "Èññëåäîâàíèÿ î ïðèðîäå è ïðè÷èíàõ áîãàòñòâà íàðîäîâ". Óâèäåâøèé ñâåò â 1776 ã. òðóä øîòëàíäñêîãî ìûñëèòåëÿ ïðèîáðåë øèðîêóþ èçâåñòíîñòü ñíà÷àëà â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, à çàòåì è âî âñåì ìèðå, çàëîæèë îñíîâû êëàññè÷åñêîé ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ýêîíîìèè. Äðóãîå êðóïíîå ñî÷èíåíèå Ñìèòà - "Òåîðèÿ íðàâñòâåííûõ ÷óâñòâ" - õîòÿ è ïîëüçîâàëîñü â XVIII â. áîëüøîé ïîïóëÿðíîñòüþ, âñå æå íå ïîëó÷èëî òàêîãî ðåçîíàíñà, êàê "Áîãàòñòâî íàðîäîâ".

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ON THE TRUE MEANING OF SAY'S LAW Íà ôîòî: ON THE TRUE MEANING OF SAY'S LAW, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938799 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

The meaning of Say's Law may seem an issue of little relevance to economists today. It would seem, on the face of it, of interest only to historians of economics. Whatever Say's Law might mean, the one thing we economists know, or at least think we know, is that it was comprehensively refuted by John Maynard Keynes in his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Knowing the meaning of this ancient economic doctrine would appear a matter of no contemporary importance.(n1)

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

J.-B. SAY ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND PUBLIC WORKSTHE OTHER SYMPOSIUM PAPERS: A FEW COMMENTS Íà ôîòî: J.-B. SAY ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND PUBLIC WORKSTHE OTHER SYMPOSIUM PAPERS: A FEW COMMENTS , àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938758 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Steven Kates' valuable paper on J.-B. Say is essentially right in its three basic points. Say, like James Mill and Ricardo, was at pains to emphasize that there could be no general deficiency of demand, or at least, not for any substantial period. Second, none of these authors denied the existence of business fluctuations or, I may add, of unemployment. Third, Keynes' description of the positions of Say and Malthus leaves much to be desired. In short, I have much more with which to agree than with which to differ in the Kates article.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë IV. Î ÂÇÃËßÄÀÕ ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÐΠÍÀ ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÀÂÈËÀ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë IV. Î ÂÇÃËßÄÀÕ ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÀÂÒÎÐΠÍÀ ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÏÐÀÂÈËÀ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ , àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938693 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

ß óæå çàìåòèë â òðåòüåé ÷àñòè ýòîãî ñî÷èíåíèÿ, ÷òî çàêîíû ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè ñóòü åäèíñòâåííûå íðàâñòâåííûå ïðàâèëà, îòëè÷àþùèåñÿ ñòðîãîñòüþ è òî÷íîñòüþ; ÷òî îñíîâàíèÿ âñåõ äðóãèõ äîáðîäåòåëåé ñìóòíû è íåîïðåäåëåííû; ÷òî çàêîíû ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè ìîæíî ñðàâíèòü ñ ïðàâèëàìè ãðàììàòèêè, à îñíîâàíèÿ ïðî÷èõ äîáðîäåòåëåé - ñ ïðàâèëàìè, óñòàíîâëåííûìè êðèòèêàìè äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ èçÿùåñòâà è ñîâåðøåíñòâà â ëèòåðàòóðíîì ïðîèçâåäåíèè, ñêîðåå äàþùèìè íàì îáùåå ïîíÿòèå î òîì ñîâåðøåíñòâå, ê êîòîðîìó ìû äîëæíû ñòðåìèòüñÿ, ÷åì äàþùèìè íàì ñðåäñòâà äëÿ åãî äîñòèæåíèÿ.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà III. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÀØÅÃÎ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ×ÓÂÑÒÂÅ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà III. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÍÀØÅÃÎ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ×ÓÂÑÒÂÅ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938615 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Ñèñòåìû, ïîëàãàþùèå ïðèíöèï íàøåãî îäîáðåíèÿ â ÷óâñòâå, ìîãóò áûòü ðàçäåëåíû íà äâà ðàçëè÷íûõ êëàññà:
1. Ïî ìíåíèþ îäíèõ, ïðè÷èíà íàøåãî îäîáðåíèÿ ëåæèò â îñîáåííîãî ðîäà ÷óâñòâå, â ñèëå âïå÷àòëåíèÿ, ïðîèçâîäèìîãî íà äóøó èçâåñòíûìè ÷óâñòâàìè è ïîñòóïêàìè, èç êîòîðûõ îäíè ïîðàæàþò ýòó äóøåâíóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü ïðèÿòíûì, à äðóãèå íåïðèÿòíûì îáðàçîì è âñëåäñòâèå ýòîãî êàæóòñÿ íàì ñïðàâåäëèâûìè, ïîõâàëüíûìè è äîáðîäåòåëüíûìè èëè ñîîòâåòñòâåííî íåñïðàâåäëèâûìè, äîñòîéíûìè ïîðèöàíèÿ è ïîðî÷íûìè. Òàê êàê ÷óâñòâî ýòî ïî ïðèðîäå ñâîåé îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò ïðî÷èõ ÷óâñòâ è òàê êàê îíî åñòü ðåçóëüòàò îïðåäåëåííîé ñïîñîáíîñòè âîñïðèÿòèÿ, òî åìó äàëè îïðåäåëåííîå íàçâàíèå, à èìåííî "íðàâñòâåííîå ÷óâñòâî".

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà II. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ÐÀÇÓÌÅ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà II. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ÐÀÇÓÌÅ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938540 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Ãîááñ ïîëàãàåò, êàê âñåì èçâåñòíî, ÷òî â åñòåñòâåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè öàðñòâóåò âå÷íàÿ âîéíà è ÷òî äî óñòàíîâëåíèÿ ãðàæäàíñêîãî óñòðîéñòâà íå áûëî ìåæäó ëþäüìè íè áåçîïàñíîñòè, íè îáùåñòâåííîãî ñïîêîéñòâèÿ. Ïîääåðæàíèå ãðàæäàíñêîãî ïîðÿäêà, ïî åãî ìíåíèþ, åñòü, ñòàëî áûòü, òî æå ñàìîå, ÷òî ñîõðàíåíèå îáùåñòâà, à ðàçðóøåíèå ãðàæäàíñêîãî ïîðÿäêà - òî æå, ÷òî ðàçðóøåíèå ñàìîãî îáùåñòâà. Íî ñóùåñòâîâàíèå ãðàæäàíñêîãî ïðàâèòåëüñòâà çàâèñèò îò ïîâèíîâåíèÿ, îêàçûâàåìîãî âåðõîâíîé âëàñòè: êàê òîëüêî ïîñëåäíÿÿ ïàäåò, ïðèäåò êîíåö è ïðàâèòåëüñòâó.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà I. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ÑÅÁßËÞÁÈÈ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. Ãëàâà I. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß Â ÑÅÁßËÞÁÈÈ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938449 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Òå, êòî âûâîäèò ïðèíöèï îäîáðåíèÿ èç íàøåãî ëè÷íîãî èíòåðåñà, ðàñõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåäëàãàåìûõ èìè äîêàçàòåëüñòâàõ: â ðàçëè÷íûõ ñèñòåìàõ èõ ìíîãî ñìóòíîãî è íåîïðåäåëåííîãî. Ïî ìíåíèþ ã-íà Ãîááñà è ìíîãèõ åãî ïîñëåäîâàòåëåé,1 ÷åëîâåê ïðåäïî÷èòàåò îáùåñòâî íå âñëåäñòâèå åñòåñòâåííîé ñêëîííîñòè ê ñâîèì áëèæíèì, à âñëåäñòâèå òîãî, ÷òî áåç èõ ñîäåéñòâèÿ îí íå ìîã áû ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ óäîáñòâàìè è áåçîïàñíîñòüþ.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë III. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÑÔÎÐÌÓËÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÛÕ ÄËß ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÀ ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÈß. ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938399 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Ïîñëå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñóùíîñòè äîáðîäåòåëè ñàìûé âàæíûé âîïðîñ íðàâñòâåííîé ôèëîñîôèè ñîñòîèò â îïðåäåëåíèè ïðèíöèïà îäîáðåíèÿ, òî åñòü ñèëû èëè ñïîñîáíîñòè äóøè, áëàãîäàðÿ êîòîðîé ìû íàõîäèì íåêîòîðûå õàðàêòåðû ïðèÿòíûìè èëè íåïðèÿòíûìè è îòäàåì ïðåäïî÷òåíèå òîìó èëè èíîìó ïîñòóïêó: ñìîòðèì íà îäèí êàê íà ïðåäìåò, äîñòîéíûé îäîáðåíèÿ, óâàæåíèÿ è íàãðàæäåíèÿ, à íà äðóãîé - êàê íà ïðåäìåò, äîñòîéíûé îñóæäåíèÿ, ïîðèöàíèÿ è íàêàçàíèÿ.
Ïðèíöèï îäîáðåíèÿ îáúÿñíÿþò òðåìÿ ðàçëè÷íûìè ñïîñîáàìè.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë II. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈßÕ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÄÀÂÀËÈÑÜ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÅ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÈ. Ãëàâà IV. Î ËÅÃÊÎÌÛÑËÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë II. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈßÕ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÄÀÂÀËÈÑÜ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÅ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÈ. Ãëàâà IV. Î ËÅÃÊÎÌÛÑËÅÍÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938316 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Âñå ðàçîáðàííûå ìíîþ äî ñèõ ïîð ñèñòåìû ïðåäïîëàãàþò, ÷òî èìååòñÿ ïîäëèííîå è ñóùåñòâåííîå ðàçëè÷èå ìåæäó äîáðîäåòåëüþ è ïîðîêîì, èç ÷åãî áû íè ñîñòîÿëè ýòè êà÷åñòâà. Èìååòñÿ òàêæå ïîäëèííîå è ñóùåñòâåííîå ðàçëè÷èå ìåæäó åñòåñòâåííîñòüþ è íååñòåñòâåííîñòüþ ÷óâñòâà, ìåæäó áëàãîæåëàòåëüíîñòüþ è äðóãèìè ïîáóäèòåëüíûìè ïðè÷èíàìè íàøèõ ïîñòóïêîâ, ìåæäó ïîäëèííûì áëàãîðàçóìèåì è ñëåïûì, äåðçêèì áåçóìèåì. Âñå ñèñòåìû, î êîòîðûõ ÿ óïîìèíàë, ñõîäÿòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî ïîîùðÿþò ñêëîííîñòè, äîñòîéíûå ïîõâàëû, è âûñêàçûâàþòñÿ ïðîòèâ ñêëîííîñòåé, çàñëóæèâàþùèõ ïîðèöàíèÿ.

Ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ïóáëèêàöèè

ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë II. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈßÕ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÄÀÂÀËÈÑÜ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÅ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÈ. Ãëàâà III. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÜ Â ÁËÀÃÎÆÅËÀÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ Íà ôîòî: ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ×ÓÂÑÒÂ. ×ÀÑÒÜ ÑÅÄÜÌÀß. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÅ ÍÐÀÂÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÉ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ. Îòäåë II. Î ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÛÕ ÎÁÚßÑÍÅÍÈßÕ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÄÀÂÀËÈÑÜ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÅ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÈ. Ãëàâà III. Î ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ, ÏÎËÀÃÀÞÙÈÕ ÄÎÁÐÎÄÅÒÅËÜ Â ÁËÀÃÎÆÅËÀÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ, àâòîð: admin

Ïóáëèêàöèÿ ¹1102938243 13 äåêàáðÿ 2004

Ñèñòåìà, ïîëàãàþùàÿ äîáðîäåòåëü â áëàãîæåëàòåëüíîñòè, ïðèíàäëåæèò äðåâíîñòè, õîòÿ è íå ñòîëü îòäàëåííîé, êàê ñèñòåìà Ýïèêóðà. Åå ïðèäåðæèâàëàñü áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ôèëîñîôîâ, êîòîðûå â âåê Àâãóñòà è ïîñëå íåãî ñëûëè ïîä íàçâàíèåì ýêëåêòèêîâ, ñ÷èòàâøèõ ñåáÿ ïîñëåäîâàòåëÿìè ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì ó÷åíèé Ïëàòîíà è Ïèôàãîðà è ïîòîìó íàçûâàâøèõñÿ òàêæå ïîçäíèìè ïëàòîíèêàìè.

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