PORTALUS.RU → RUSSIA (TOPICS) → Social Development Of Russia → Версия для печати
Постоянный адрес публикации (для научного и интернет-цитирования)
По общепринятым международным научным стандартам и по ГОСТу РФ 2003 г. (ГОСТ 7.1-2003, "Библиографическая запись")
По ГОСТу РФ 2008 г. (ГОСТ 7.0.5—2008, "Библиографическая ссылка")
Social Development Of Russia // Москва: Научная цифровая библиотека PORTALUS.RU. Дата обновления: 04 сентября 2007. URL: https://portalus.ru/modules/english_russia/rus_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1188910131&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& (дата обращения: 24.08.2026).
Найденный поисковой машиной PORTALUS.RU оригинал публикации (предполагаемый источник):
Social Development Of Russia / http://russia.by.
По общепринятым международным научным стандартам и по ГОСТу РФ 2003 г. (ГОСТ 7.1-2003, "Библиографическая запись")Social Development Of Russia [Электронный ресурс]: электрон. данные. - Москва: Научная цифровая библиотека PORTALUS.RU, 04 сентября 2007. - Режим доступа: https://portalus.ru/modules/english_russia/rus_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1188910131&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& (свободный доступ). – Дата доступа: 24.08.2026.
По ГОСТу РФ 2008 г. (ГОСТ 7.0.5—2008, "Библиографическая ссылка")Social Development Of Russia // Москва: Научная цифровая библиотека PORTALUS.RU. Дата обновления: 04 сентября 2007. URL: https://portalus.ru/modules/english_russia/rus_readme.php?subaction=showfull&id=1188910131&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& (дата обращения: 24.08.2026).
Найденный поисковой машиной PORTALUS.RU оригинал публикации (предполагаемый источник):
Social Development Of Russia / http://russia.by.
публикация №1188910131, версия для печати
Social Development Of Russia
Дата публикации: 04 сентября 2007 |
|
A social insurance system provides pensions for old-age, survivorship, and disability. The program is funded by employer payrolls, and self-employed persons and independent farmers contribute a fixed amount monthly. The government provides subsidies when needed. The first laws governing sickness benefits were implemented in 1912. All citizens and refugees are entitled to medical care; employed persons receive cash benefits for sickness. There is also a benefit provided to those caring for a sick child. Work injury is funded by the employer. Maternity benefits cover 100% of earnings from between 10 and 12 weeks before the expected date of childbirth and 10 to 16 weeks after childbirth. A universal system of family allowances provides a birth grant, a funeral grant, and a monthly benefit for each child under the age of 16. The constitution prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, religion, language, social status or other circumstances. Despite these constitutional provisions, employment discrimination against women and minorities occurs. On average women earn significantly less than men and cluster in the lower-paid jobs and professions. The high cost of maternity care benefits leads some employers to hire men rather than women. Women suffer disproportionately in situations of worker layoffs. There is no law against sexual harassment and abuses in the workplace are common. Spousal abuse is a widespread problem and is treated as a domestic matter rather than a criminal offense. It was estimated in 2004 that 70% of wives were victims of some kind of domestic abuse. Sexual violence and other crimes against women are underreported and the government provides no support services to victims. In general human rights are respected, but serious violations occur concerning the struggle against rebels in Chechnya. Also, ethnic minorities are subjected to harassment, searches, and arrest by police, and are sometimes denied local authority permission to reside in Moscow. Anti-Semitic rhetoric is increasing and several instances of intimidation and violence have been reported. Muslims continue to face discrimination. Prisoners are subject to mistreatment, unhealthy living conditions, and lack of medical care. Опубликовано 04 сентября 2007 года Изображение к публикации:Полная версия публикации №1188910131 → © Portalus.ru Главная → RUSSIA (TOPICS) → Social Development Of Russia При перепечатке индексируемая активная ссылка на PORTALUS.RU обязательна!
|
|