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Expansion Of Russia: Muscovy

Дата публикации: 04 сентября 2007
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: RUSSIA (TOPICS) - Muscovy →
Источник: (c) http://russia.by
Номер публикации: №1188914073


The Grand Duchy of Muscovy was but one of several successor states of the Mongol Golden Horde claiming the right to dominate the steppes. Moscow conquered the Volga basin and the Baltic coast, and laid claim to Siberia in the sixteenth century. Russia's fortunes ebbed during the "Time of Troubles" as Sweden and Poland seized the western gains in the Baltic and Ukraine. The seventeenth century witnessed a constant struggle with Poland and Sweden to regain lost lands, and with the southern cossack bands to capture the Ukraine and the mouth of the Don River at Azov.

In 1654, Russia supported the Ukrainian Bogdan Khmel'nitskii in his struggle with Poland; as a result, under the Truce of Andrussovo (1667), Moscow gained the left bank of the Dnieper as far as Moscow. Kiev and Smolensk were granted to Russia for limited time periods, but Moscow reneged and never gave them back. In its disputes with Sweden, Russia temporarily regained three Baltic ports in 1658, but they were returned to Sweden (Treaty of Kardis, 1661).

Muscovy was more successful expanding eastward into Siberia. Here there was no systematic policy, rather the gradual movement of settlers and fur traders. But exploration soon brought Russia into conflict with China. The resulting Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), in which Moscow ceded the Amur Valley to China, stabilized the border with the Manchu dynasty for the next two centuries. In 1650 Semen Dezhnev reached the Kamchatka Peninsula, which projects from the Asian mainland between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 04 сентября 2007 года

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