Ðåéòèíã
Ïîðòàëóñ

§¸§ª§¬§­

Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè: 11 ôåâðàëÿ 2005
Ïóáëèêàòîð: Íàó÷íàÿ áèáëèîòåêà Ïîðòàëóñ
Ðóáðèêà: ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈß ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ ÔÈËÎÑÎÔÈÈ →
Íîìåð ïóáëèêàöèè: ¹1108112186

§ª. §¯. §¤§Ñ§ß§ã§Ó§Ú§ß§Õ

§ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ç§Ñ§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö. §µ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§é§ß§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ø§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §à§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý (§Ô§â§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö kyklos ¨C §Ü§â§å§Ô) §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ, §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§à§Û, §ä.§Ö. §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ñ§ç§à§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú§Ù §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö. §±§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§à§Ü §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§å §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ.

§£ §ï§ß§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§á§Ö§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ§ç §ã§Ú§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§à§Ò§à§â§à§ä; §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û; §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó, §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §â§ñ§Õ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô §Ù§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Ú §ä§à§Þ §Ø§Ö §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §Ú §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù §Ù§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ. §£ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö §¥§Ñ§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §ã§â§à§Ü, §à§Ò§à§â§à§ä §Õ§ß§Ö§Û, §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó.

§±§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §Ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §Ú§ç §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í. §±§â§à§ä§à§ß-§á§â§à§ä§à§ß§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý - §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ç §ã §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§Û. §¯§Ñ §Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §è§Ö§á§ß§í§Ö §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í. §¬§Ý§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý, - §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú, §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó. §±§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §ß§Ú§ç, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ð§ä §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý §ä§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ò§à§ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä, §Ú§Ý§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §¬§â§Ö§Ò§ã§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§Ü§Ü§å§Þ§å§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§ð §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ç §Õ§í§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ; §Ó §à§â§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§ß§à§Ó§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù §Þ§à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§ß§í §Ó §á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú §Ú §ä.§á. §³§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å.

§¬§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ú§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §å§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ. §£ §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ã§ß§Ñ§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ: §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§å§ê§Ú §Ú §Ó §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§à§ñ§ç §Þ§à§â§Ö§Û §Ú§Õ§å§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í §Ñ§Ü§Ü§å§Þ§å§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ§ç, §Ñ §Ó §á§à§é§Ó§Ö §Ú §Ó §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §Ó§à§Õ§à§Ö§Þ§à§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¢§Ú§à§Ô§Ö§à§ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó: §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ñ§Ù§à§ä§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ú§ñ, §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ñ, §æ§à§ã§æ§à§â§Ñ, §ã§Ö§â§í, §Ü§â§Ö§Þ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ. §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §ã §ß§Ú§Þ §ã§à§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§í §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§í §Ú §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ. §±§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§é§ß§å§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è§Ú§ð §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §è§Ú§Ñ§ß§à§Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§ã§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú, §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §ç§Ö§Þ§à§Ñ§Ó§ä§à§ä§â§à§æ§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §ï§ß§Õ§à§Ô§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§Õ. §£ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §æ§à§ä§à§ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§í §Ú §Ó§à§Õ§í §á§â§Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ú §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó §ç§Ý§à§â§à§á§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ç §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ü §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§ä§â§à§æ§à§Ó, §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ú §ä§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ú §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§å, §Ó§à§Õ§å, §Þ§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§Ý§Ú, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Û, §æ§à§ã§æ§à§â, §Ñ§Ù§à§ä, §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§å §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ. §£ §Õ§Ö§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§à§ä§â§à§æ§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í; §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Þ§í§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§à§á§â§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §ß§Ö§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ. §£§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§í §Ó §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§å §Ú§Õ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ§ç §Ò§Ú§à§è§Ö§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ. §±§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ, §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §ã§å§ä§à§é§ß§å§ð §Ú §ã§Ö§Ù§à§ß§ß§å§ð §â§Ú§ä§Þ§Ú§Ü§å.

§¸§Ú§Ü§Ý §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §Ñ§Ù§à§ä§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û. §¡§Ù§à§ä§æ§Ú§Ü§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§Ú§ß§Ö-§Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§Û, §á§à§é§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó §Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ñ§Ù§à§ä §Ó §ß§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§í, §Ó§ã§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ñ§Ù§à§ä§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ö§Ô§à §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §Ö§Ô§à §Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§ð. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ú§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ñ§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ó§í§ë§Ö§Ý§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ) §Ü§Ñ§â§Ò§à§ß§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §á§à§â§à§Õ §Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§Ú§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ü§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §±§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§é§ß§à§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §Ü§â§Ö§Þ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§í§ë§Ö§Ý§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§â§à§Õ §á§à§Õ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§í, §ï§ä§à§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §å§ã§Ü§à§â§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §Ó 100 §â§Ñ§Ù §Ó §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §à§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ñ§ç. §°§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§à§ã§æ§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ú§ñ §ã§à§á§â§ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ú§ñ §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §æ§à§ã§æ§à§â§Ñ. §£ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §ã§Ö§â§í §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ö§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§â§à§Õ §Ú §ã§å§Ý§î§æ§Ú§Õ§í §á§â§Ú §æ§à§ä§à§ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ú§ç §Õ§à§ß§à§â§à§Ó §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§Ñ. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §ã§à§á§â§ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §à§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §Ó §Ô§Ú§Õ§â§Ñ§ä §à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ú §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §Ñ§ï§â§à§Ò§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §â§Ö§Õ§å§Ü§è§Ú§ð §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§à§Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §ã §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ñ. §³§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §ã§Ö§â§í §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§å§Ý§î§æ§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ç §à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú. §ª§Ù §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä ¨C §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó §Ó §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ö §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§à§Ö, §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö.

§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ó §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í §ß§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§í§ç §Ô§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Ó. §¤§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ö§Þ§ß§å§ð §Ü§à§â§å §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í.

§±§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ §­.§¯.§¤§å§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ, ¡°§é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§í§â§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§è§í §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ó§Ó§Ö§â§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ç §Ó §à§Ü§à§Ó§í §æ§à§â§Þ¡±. §®§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý, §Ó§í§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§Ù §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ú§à§è§Ö§ß§à§Ù§Ñ, §Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§å§ð §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§å §á§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ä§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í, §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ä §Ü §Ú§ã§ä§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §å§Ô§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¢§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§Û §Ü§â§å§Ô §Ò§Ú§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§ä §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ. §¢§Ú§à§ä§Ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä, §ß§à §Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §â§Ñ§ã§é§Ö§ä §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§å, §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä §ã §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Õ§Ó§Ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ) §Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ô§à§â§ñ§é§Ñ§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ). §³§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Ø§Ú§Õ§Ü§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à.

§·§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ý§Ú§ê§î §á§à §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í. §¤§Ú§á§à§ä§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Ó§à§Õ§í §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ù§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§å§ê§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä 2¡Á 106 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ó§Ö§ã§î §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í, §Ò§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ §Õ§í§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó, §á§â§à§Û§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§ß§í§Û §Ü§â§å§Ô §Ù§Ñ 2¡Á 103 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ô§à §Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í §Ù§Ñ§Û§Þ§Ö§ä 3¡Á 102 §Ý§Ö§ä. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§à§Ò§å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í, §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ §ï§Ü§à§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ö §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ã§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§í.

§¯.§¤.§¹§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ö§Ó (1902-1959), §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü §Ú §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü, §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü-§ä§à §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ§ç §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í. §´§Ö§à§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ §¡.§±§å§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö (1854-1912), §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§ç §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §å§é§Ö§ß§í§ç §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §á§à§é§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§ñ§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§å§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð. §³§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §å§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§í §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Û §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §Ú§ç §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä§í §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§í§ç, §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§í §Õ§â§å§Ô §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§å, §Ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §ß§Ú§Þ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Ú §ä§à§Þ §Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §±§å§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ñ§â§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ä§Ö§à§â§Ö§Þ§å §à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ß§à §ï§ä§Ñ §ä§Ö§à§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§í §ß§Ö§Ò§Ö§ã§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú: §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Õ§à§Ü§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §´§â§å§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §å§é§Ö§ß§í§ç §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§ï§Ý§Ý§Ú§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä§í §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§Ú §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §£ §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ü §ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§Þ, §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§Ñ§â§Õ§à§Ó §Ý§Ö§ä, §¡.§®.§®§à§é§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ó§ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ç §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §à§ä §®§Ö§â§Ü§å§â§Ú§ñ §Õ§à §±§Ý§å§ä§à§ß§Ñ §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §ã§á§å§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, - §ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â§à§Þ §è§Ö§Ý§í§ç §é§Ú§ã§Ö§Ý. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§å) §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §À§á§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ 1, §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§Ñ) §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä 0,4027, §ï§ä§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§í §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü 5:2 §ã §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¢§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§å §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§å§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ç §Õ§â§å§Ô §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ, §à§ä§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§í§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä §à§ä §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§ç §ß§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä 1,5 %.

§ª§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§à§Ú§Õ§í §Ó §á§à§ñ§ã§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §®§Ñ§â§ã§à§Þ §Ú §À§á§Ú§ä§Ö§â§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í §á§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§ç §ã §À§á§Ú§ä§Ö§â§à§Þ §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä.

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §à§ã§Ú. §±§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §®§Ö§â§Ü§å§â§Ú§ñ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§å §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü 2 §Ü 3. §±§â§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Þ §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ã§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Û §£§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§Ñ §Ü §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú §ä§à§Û §Ø§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§à§Û, §ä.§Ö. §Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ö §ã §Ö§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ú §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ-§³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö. §­§å§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§à§Û §Ü §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö, §ä.§Ö. §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ö§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §à§ã§Ú §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Þ 1:1.

§£§ã§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä §à §ã§Ú§ß§ç§â§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ä§Ö§Ý §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú §à§Ò §à§ã§à§Ò§í§ç §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä. §¯§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ§ç §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§à-§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û. §±§à§Õ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§á§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§Ý §à§ß§Ñ §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ó §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§ç §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý§à §Ú§ç §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ò§Ú§ä§í. §±§à §Ô§Ú§á§à§ä§Ö§Ù§Ö §¡.§®.§®§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ñ ¡°§ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à §Ù§â§Ö§Ý§í§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ø§ß§à §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í, §Ñ §Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â§à§Þ §è§Ö§Ý§í§ç §é§Ú§ã§Ö§Ý¡±.

§²§à§Ý§î §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í§ç §Õ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§á§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§Ý, §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç, §ß§Ö §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ò§Ö§ã§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§è§Ö§ß§à§Û §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ß§à §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ §Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§í. §¦§ã§ä§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §¹§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ú §Þ§à§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §á§ñ§ä§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §®§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ§í §Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§å§Þ§í §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù 11,2 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¬§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú, §Ó §á§à§Ô§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ô§Ú§Õ§â§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ó §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§à§ß§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í, §á§Ý§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§ä§à§Ü§Ñ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§å§é§Ö§Û, §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §°§é§Ö§ß§î §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ §®§Ñ§å§ß§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ, §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó 1645-1715 §Ô.§Ô. §©§Ñ 30 §Ý§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à 50 §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§ç §á§ñ§ä§Ö§ß, §Ó §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§å §â§Ñ§Ù §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à. §£ §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §ï§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ç§à§Ý§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ô§à§Õ§í, §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ú§Þ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ 1-1,5 §Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§å§ã§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö. §±§ñ§ä§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ý§Ö§à §¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ý§Ö§Û, §´§à§Þ§Ñ§ã §·§Ñ§â§â§Ú§à§ä, §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§æ §º§Ö§Û§ß§Ö§â, §«§à§ç§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§ã §¶§Ñ§Ò§â§Ú§è§Ú§å§ã §Ó §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1610 ¨C §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§Ö 1611 §Ô. §³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ §á§ñ§ä§Ö§ß §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ 18-§Ô§à §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Þ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý, §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ó 1755 §Ô., §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ö§Þ§å §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§å §á§â§Ú§ã§Ó§à§Ö§ß 23-§Û §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â. §±§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à 20-§Þ§å §à§ß §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§å§ð §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í §Ú §Ô§Ö§à§Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó 21-§à§Þ §Ú 22-§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ç. §®§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ú§ß§Õ§å§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §á§ñ§ä§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §à§Ò§å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ç. ¡°§£§Ö§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û¡± §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§ß§í§Û §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 60 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ú §ã§à§Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §Ó §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à §Ù§â§Ö§Ý§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§à§Ò§å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ñ §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §Ú§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§Þ.

§£ §á§â§à§ä§à§ß-§á§â§à§ä§à§ß§ß§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö, §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ, §ã§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §á§â§à§ä§à§ß§à§Ó §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û, §á§à§ä§à§Þ §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§Û-3, §Ñ §Ú§Ù §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§Û-4 §Ú §Õ§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§à§ß§Ñ. §¿§ä§à§ä §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§í§Û, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û. §¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §Ü§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í §Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ñ§Õ§â§Ö §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ. §£ §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Ù §ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§à§ä§à§ß§à§Ó §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§ñ-4, §Õ§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§à§ß§Ñ, §Õ§Ó§Ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§Ñ, §Õ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ú§ß§à §Ú §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ-§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ.

§³§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§î §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§à§Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ

§² + §² ¡ú ¨C D + e+ + ¦Í

§ª§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ä§Ö§Þ§á §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §Ú §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ñ§ç. §£ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ - §Ú §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ô§Ö§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§í; §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §ã§à§ä§ß§Ú §ä§í§ã§ñ§é §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ, §æ§à§ä§à§ß§Ñ§Þ §à§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §å§Ý§î§ä§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§à§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§à§Ó §å§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ú§ß§å§ä§î §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§à. §²§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ú§ß§à §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§å §Ù§Ñ 2 §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§í.

§£ §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û (§Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à, §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Ô§à, §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§Ô§à, §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à) §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ä §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §à§ä §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç.

§¨§Ú§Ó§å§é§Ö§ã§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §µ§Þ§Ò§Ö§â§ä§à §®§Ñ§ß§ä§å§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, ¡°§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù §å§ä§â§Ñ§ä§í §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§ß§Ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§à §ä§Ö§ç §á§à§â, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §æ§å§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å, §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û¡±. ¡°§¬§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ö§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§í ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§í, §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ß§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Þ §Ú§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ¡±. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ß §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ §ã §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú, §â§à§ã§ä §Ú §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§ñ §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý. §£ ¡°§Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ü¡± (§².§£§Ú§â§ç§à§Ó), §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý ¨C §ï§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ú§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù.

§£ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ä, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Û §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ §Õ§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú, §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §é§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §æ§Ñ§Ù§å, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù §¥§¯§¬. §³§Ñ§Þ§í§Û §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö ¨C §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §¥§¯§¬. §£§ã§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §ï§ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ö, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ñ §¥§¯§¬. §£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§í §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ú§ä§à§Ù§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ. §£ §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Þ§Ú§ä§à§Ù§Ñ §ç§â§à§Þ§à§ã§à§Þ§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö §Õ§à§é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â§å §ç§â§à§Þ§à§ã§à§Þ. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö, §ä.§Ö. §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ. §±§â§à§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §Ú§Ù §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ù§í §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§å§ð. §¬§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§à§ê§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ú§æ§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§å, §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §á§à§Ü§à§ñ, §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ñ §Ú§Ù §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §¥§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §æ§Ñ§Ù §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§Ñ: §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ, §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ, §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ, §à§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä 2-4 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Õ§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó, §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ñ §¥§¯§¬ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä 6 §Õ§à 8 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ã§Ñ §Õ§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó. §¥§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ú§ä§à§Ù§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä 40 §Õ§à 90 §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î, §Ó §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §á§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §®.§¿§Û§Ô§Ö§ß §Ú §±.§º§å§ã§ä§Ö§â §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ô§Ú§á§à§ä§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý (§á§à§Ý§Ú§ß§å§Ü§Ý§Ö§à§ä§Ú§Õ§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§è §Ú §Ü§à§Õ§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ú§Þ§Ú §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó). §£ §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §Ü §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§Ñ§Þ §²§¯§¬ §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä - §Ò§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ä §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §²§¯§¬ §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §Ü§à§à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý. §¤§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý - §ï§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ó§à§ã§á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §²§¯§¬ §Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§è§í (Ii), i-§ñ §²§¯§¬ §Ü§à§Õ§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä i-§Û §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §¦i, §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §²§¯§¬, §Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à, §¦1 §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú I2, §¦2 §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú I3 §Ú §ä.§Õ. §á§à§Ü§Ñ §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ü§ß§Ö§ä§ã§ñ: En §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §â§Ö§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð I1. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §é§ä§à §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §²§¯§¬-§á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§à §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§å §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç. §¥§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ §æ§Ö§â§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §á§à§Õ§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å §²§¯§¬. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§ß§å§ð §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ï§ä§Ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ-§ä§à §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ§å, §ä.§Ö. §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §æ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§£ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §à§Ò §Ú§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ä§à §à §Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Þ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ö, §ä.§Ü. §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ò§í §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ.

§£ §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à §Ü§à§ß§ì§ð§ß§Ü§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ñ, §é§ä§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û (§Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§à§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §ê§à§Ü§à§Ó) §ß§Ñ §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å. §³§Ö§â§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§à§Ó §á§à§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §à§ä§Ü§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ. §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §â§à§Ý§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Ú§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í. §´§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §é§Ö§ä§í§â§î§Þ§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §²§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ò§í§Ý §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð 7-12 §Ý§Ö§ä. §£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö §¬.§®§Ñ§â§Ü§ã (1818-1883) §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ý §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ù§í, §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ: §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§Õ§ì§Ö§Þ. §±§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §Ú§Þ§ñ §¬.§¨§å§Ô§Ý§ñ§â§Ñ (1819-1905), §à§ß §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§à§Ü §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ú §è§Ö§ß §Ó§à §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §³§º§¡, §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ý §Ú§ç §ã§à§Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §£§¯§±, §Ú§ß§æ§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§à§ã§ä§Ú. §©§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ã 1787 §á§à 1932 §Ô. §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä 11 §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §¨§å§Ô§Ý§ñ§â§Ñ. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à, §ã §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ 7-10 §Ý§Ö§ä §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §â§í§ß§à§Ü §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §¥§Ø.§¬§Ú§ä§é§Ú§ß§Ñ ¨C §ï§ä§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§à§Ó§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §ã §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ §à§ä 2 §Õ§à 4 §Ý§Ö§ä. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý §¬§å§Ù§ß§Ö§è§Ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (long swings), §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§à§Û §Ó §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Õ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§è§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ. §³.§¬§å§Ù§ß§Ö§è §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ý §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§Ñ, §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Û §Ó §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó §Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ú §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§á§Ñ§Õ§à§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ.

§¯.§¥.§¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó (1892-1938) §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ý §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ý§ß, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §Ü§à§ß§ì§ð§ß§Ü§ä§å§â§í (40-60 §Ý§Ö§ä). §°§ß §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú: ¡°§²§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§Õ§Ú§ß. §¯§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§í, §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ñ §ï§ä§à§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§í, §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ö, §ä§à §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §Ü§Ñ§Ü-§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ¡±. §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó §å§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §ã §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§¥§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ §æ§Ñ§Ù§í, §à§Õ§ß§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§Ñ§á§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¿§ä§Ú §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û (§Ó§à§Û§ß, §â§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§à§Ó §Ú §ä.§Õ.), §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §ß§Ñ §ã§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ù §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ; §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ú§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §ã §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ö§ã§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§í §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§å§Þ§Ñ 11-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ö§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ó §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §®§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §á§à-§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Þ§å §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ §å§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ü§à§â§ß§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§Ú§ç §á§à§Õ§æ§à§ä§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §ã§Ý§à§Ö§Ó. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§å§ð, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§å§ð§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ö§Û §á§à§Õ§ã§á§å§Õ§ß§à. §¬ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ç §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¬§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §ã §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§ç §ã§Þ§Ö§ß§í. §³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó, §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §¢§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ, §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ. §£ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §à§ã§à§Ò§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §á§â§Ú§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð ¡°§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó¡±. §³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó§í§Û §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §¡§Ò§Õ§å§â§â§Ñ§ç§Þ§Ñ§ß §Ú§Ò§ß §·§Ñ§Ý§î§Õ§å§ß (1332-1406) §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Û §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Þ §Ú§Ù §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö§ç §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û ¨C §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ, §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ (§ã§í§ß§Ñ), §Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ (§Ó§ß§å§Ü§Ñ) §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ (§á§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§å§Ü§Ñ). §ª§Ù §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §à§Ò§à§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û, §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §ä.§Õ. §ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ô§ß§à§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Ý§ß§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §ã§à§Ý§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ý§Ú§ê§î §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§í §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§à§â§Ú§Ù§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§à§Þ §ä§Ö§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§í§ç §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó (§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í §Ú §ä.§Õ.).

§³.§±.§¬§Ñ§á§Ú§è§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§í§Û §Ú §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä, §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä. §£ §ï§ä§à§Û §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§à§ä§Ö§ß §ä§í§ã§ñ§é §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã. §£§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ñ§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ú §ï§á§à§ç§Ú: §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ß§í§Û §â§à§ã§ä, §Ó§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ ¨C §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ò§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §â§à§ã§ä, §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§ñ ¨C §Ñ§ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§î §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§å§Þ. §£ §ï§á§à§ç§å §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ò§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §à§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §ä.§Ö. §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú 1,6 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ý§Ö§ä, §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ý§à§Ô§Ñ§â§Ú§æ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö. §£ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Ú§Ù 11 §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §ï§á§à§ç§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ý§à §á§à 9 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ.§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §à§ä 1 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Õ§à 42 §Ý§Ö§ä. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §è§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó §Ö=2,72 §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ, §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à §ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù. §±§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §¿§á§à§ç§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ó §Ý§à§Ô§Ñ§â§Ú§æ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¬ §ß§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä§å §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ñ §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ø§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§Ö. ¡°§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, - §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §³.§¬§Ñ§á§Ú§è§Ñ, - §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ã§Ø§Ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §ã§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ò§í §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à §é§Ú§ã§Ý§å §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û¡±. §¯§Ö§à§Ý§Ú§ä §Õ§Ý§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ 7000 §Ý§Ö§ä, §¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ú§â §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä 2500 §Ý§Ö§ä, §³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ 1000 §Ý§Ö§ä, §¯§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ 340 §Ý§Ö§ä, §¯§à§Ó§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ ¨C 125 §Ý§Ö§ä. §¥§Ñ§ä§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §æ§Ñ§Ù§í §Ó §æ§Ñ§Ù§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Ó §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ã §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ä§à§Þ§å §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó§Ñ ¡°§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ, §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§à§Ý§Ú §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §ä.§á.¡± §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§å §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Ý§ß§í §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §±§â§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ç§à§Ø§Ú§ç, §ß§à §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù, §Ñ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó 9 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ. §¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §Ý§Ö§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ, §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ù§â§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§Ñ. §£§Ö§ã§î §ï§ä§à§ä §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý §Ò§í§Ý §á§à §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §¡.§¤.§£§Ú§ê§ß§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Ü§Ú§Þ §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ß§í§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§à§Þ §Ü §ä§à§Þ§å §ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§â§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è §á§à§á§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §ß§Ö §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ó§Ù§â§í§Ó§ß§í§Þ §â§à§ã§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§ä§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å §á§å§ä§î §Ü §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ó §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§à§Û.

§ª§Õ§Ö§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ü§à-§æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §à§ä §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à§Û §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Õ§ß§Ö§Û: §¡§ß§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§â, §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í (VI-V §Ó§Ó §Õ§à §ß.§ï.) §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à §è§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ§í§Û §¡§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Þ: §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Þ§Ú§â §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ô§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §Ò§Ö§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ. §¥§à §ß§Ñ§ã §Õ§à§ê§Ý§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§î §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §è§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ö§Ô§à §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ: ¡°§¡ §Ú§Ù §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç [§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý] §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó §ä§Ö §Ø§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §Ú §Ô§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ý§î §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §â§à§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ú§Ò§à §à§ß§Ú §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§í [= §å§ë§Ö§â§Ò§Ñ] §Ó §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§â§à§Ü §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú¡±. §£§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Þ§å§Õ§â§í§Û §¤§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ú§ä, §ï§æ§Ö§ã§Ö§è, §â§Ñ§ã§è§Ó§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §¥§Ú§à§Ô§Ö§ß §­§Ñ§ï§â§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §Ü 69-§à§Û §à§Ý§Ú§Þ§á§Ú§Ñ§Õ§Ö (504-501 §Ô§Ô §Õ§à §ß.§ï.) §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã §ä§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §à§Ô§à§ß§î, §ä§à §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù §à§Ô§ß§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú: ¡°§®§Ö§â§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§à§â§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §å§Ô§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û¡±. §±§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ §³§Ú§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú§ñ, ¡°§Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã§à§Þ¡± §¤§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ú§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§Ö §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å, §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §á§à§á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§å§Þ§Ñ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù, §ä§à §Ó §à§Ô§à§ß§î, §ä§à §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û [¡°§ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û-§ä§à §Ó§à§ä¡±] §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã. §´§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §á§à§á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û ¡°§Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã¡± §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §ß§à ¡°§Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ¡±. §¡.§¶.§­§à§ã§Ö§Ó §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§í §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§ã§ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ. §µ §ß§Ú§ç ¡°§Ó§ã§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î, §ß§à §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ü§ß§å§ä§à§Þ§å §Ü§â§å§Ô§å¡±. §´§Ñ §Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§Ý§à§Ø§Ü§Ö §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§á§à§á§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ ¡°§­§à§Þ§à§ß§à§ã§à§Ó¡± ¡í5, 2003 §Ô.: ¡°§£§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù 22 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ. §Ý§Ö§ä. §£§ã§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §ã§Ô§Ú§ß§Ö§ä §Ó §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Þ §£§Ù§â§í§Ó§Ö¡±.

§£ §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§ä§í, §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §Ó §ä§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú, §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à. §±§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç. §°§ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ¡°§á§å§ã§ä§à§Û¡±, §ä.§Ö. §Ó §á§â§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Þ, §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§ß§à§Ó§î §á§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §ä.§Õ. §ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§à§Û §Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§â§à§í§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§å§ê§Ñ, - ¡°§å§ç§à§Õ¡± §á§à §ä§å §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§å §Ú ¡°§Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö¡± §Ó §Ù§Ö§Þ§ß§å§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î, §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ ¡°§å§ç§à§Õ¡± §Ú §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ ¡°§Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö¡±, - §ä§à, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Þ §ã§é§Ö§ä§Ö ¡°§à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ¡± ¨C §Ó §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§å§ê§Ñ §à§é§Ú§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú, §é§ä§à §à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §¢§â§Ñ§ç§Þ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ö§Þ§å.

§¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ ¡°§¹§Ø§à§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß¡±, §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§Ö §å§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ß§Ö§Û §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü 672 §Ô. §Õ§à §ß.§ï., §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú: ¡°§¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß¡± §Ú ¡°§´§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ö §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß¡±. §£ ¡°§´§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç¡± §Ó§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§í §á§à§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§Ý, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Þ (§Ú§ß§î-§ñ§à) §Ú §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ý§í§Þ (§ñ§ß-§ñ§à), §Ú§Õ§å§ä §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. ¡°§³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö, §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§Ó §Ù§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ, §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§å, §Ý§å§ß§Ñ, §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û, §å§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä. §¯§Ö§Ò§à §Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ §ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §ä§à §å§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ã§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§à §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §ä§à §â§Ñ§ã§ä§å§ä¡±. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§í, §à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó ¡°§´§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç¡±, §ß§Ö §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§í §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ó §ß§Ú§ç §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à ¡°§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ¡±. §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§à§Ó §Ó §±§à§Õ§ß§Ö§Ò§Ö§ã§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä §à§ä ¡°§á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß¡±, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ö§Û.

§®§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §£§à§Ù§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ñ§Õ§Ö§á§ä§í §ï§Ý§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ï§á§à§ç§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Ô§â§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú §¶.§¯§Ú§è§ê§Ö (1844-1900) ¨C §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§î (das schwerste Gewicht) §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§ñ§Ü§à§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ü§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Ò§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§á§Ú§Þ§à§Û §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §£ §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ú§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§ç §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§ä§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à ¡°§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §å§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§ñ§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §å§Ø§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ. §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ¡±.

¡°§£§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§ã§à§é§ß§í§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§í §Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ¡±, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö ¡°§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§â§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú, §á§Ö§ã§é§Ú§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ¡± (§¯§Ú§è§ê§Ö), §Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§à§ï§ä§à§Ó §Ú §á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß. §£ ¡°§¿§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§â§à§ã§ä§Ú¡± §²§å§Õ§Ñ§Ü§Ú (§· §Ó§Ö§Ü) §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä:

¡°§¯§Ñ§ê §Þ§Ú§â §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à, §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ,
§´§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß §Ó§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û: §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ¡±

(§á§Ö§â. §£.§­§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ü§Ñ).

§¯§Ñ§ê §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü §®§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ß §¬§å§ß§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à ¡°§ß§Ö§Ó§í§ß§à§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Û §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ¡± §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ú ¡°§Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §á§â§à§ë§Ö§ß§à §Ú, §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §Ò§í§ä§î, §Ó§ã§Ö §è§Ú§ß§Ú§é§ß§à §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ö§ß§à¡±: ¡°§¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ß§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Ü§â§å§Ô§å, §Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §á§à §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Û §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ. §ª §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ, §á§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó, §Ú§Ò§à §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ø§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ¡± (§á§Ö§â. §ã §é§Ö§ê§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §¯.§º§å§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§ß§à§Û).

§ª§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§í§ã§ñ§é §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§ç §å§ç§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ (§å §â§à§ñ§Ý§ñ 88 §Ü§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ê), §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §á§à §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§Ö, §Ó §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§â§ñ§Õ. §¯§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ó §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§ç §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç 1:2, 4:5:6. §°§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§à§ß§å §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 9:8, §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§ß§à§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §à§Ü§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ö §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§Ú §â§Ö §Ú §Õ§à, §ã§à§Ý§î §Ú §æ§Ñ, §ã§Ú §Ú §Ý§ñ. §£§ß§å§ä§â§Ú §à§Ü§ä§Ñ§Ó§í §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ý§Ú§ä§ß§à §ã §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§ß§à§Þ §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ó§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ú§Þ §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú 3:2. §©§Ó§å§Ü§à§â§ñ§Õ §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §à§Ü§ä§Ñ§Ó§í, §Ô§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î 7-§Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û - §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ä§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, 12-§Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û (§ã 7-§ð §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú 5-§ð §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú) - §ç§â§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û, 5-§Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û - §á§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§ä§à§ß§ß§à§Û. §¯§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ, §å§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ ¨C §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ö, §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü, §ã§ä§â§à§Û§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Þ§Ú§â. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §ã §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §ï§á§à§ç§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§Ú§â§à§å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §£ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ý§à §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §©§Ó§à§ß §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §á§à§à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß§à, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â, §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Þ. §ª§Ù §ä§â§Ö§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î 6 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â§à§Ó ¨C §á§à §é§Ú§ã§Ý§å §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à§Ü §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §å§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Ó. §¬§Ñ§â§Ú§Û§à§ß §Ú§Ù 12 §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§â§î§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 40 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§à§Ó §Ú §á§â§à§á§å§ã§Ü§à§Ó. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §å §ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó§á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß, §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â§à§Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Þ§Ö§Ý§à§Õ§Ú§ð, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §Ò§à§Û §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§å. §¯§Ö§á§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §å§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ý§Ú§ê§î §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù 40 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§Ý §Ù§Ñ§é§Ú§ß §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à §ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §¥§Ø.§´.§¶§â§Ö§Û§Ù§Ö§â, §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ, §á§Ú§ê§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Û §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ö: ¡°§°§Ò§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ð §Ù§Ó§à§ß§à§Ó, §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ú §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú, §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Û§ä§Ú §ã§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ü §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §ç§à§Õ§å §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ, §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ü §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §á§à§ä§à§Þ §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û. §³§Ñ§Þ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§à§â §Ò§Ö§ã§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ã§è§Ú§Ý§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó, §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó §ß§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ¡±

§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ó§à§ß§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ä §Þ§Ö§Ý§à§Õ§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§ã§Ñ, §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§å §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í §Ó §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ê§Ú§â§Ö §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à, §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ö§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§â§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó, §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§í §Ó §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§Ý§à§Õ§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ú §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ú §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ó§å§é§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ. §°§ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ü §Ó§Ö§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ï§ä§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú¡±.

§¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§ñ§ñ §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ô§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ú§â §á§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ (§Ý§ð§Û), §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §ä§à§ß ¨C §´§à§ß §¨§Ö§Ý§ä§à§Ô§à §¬§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§à§Þ §¥§Ñ§à. §£ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö III §Ó. §Õ§à §ß.§ï. ¡°§£§Ö§ã§ß§í §Ú §à§ã§Ö§ß§Ú §­§ð§Û §¢§å§Ó§ï§ñ¡± §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§ã§ñ: ¡°§£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Þ§å§Õ§â§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ó§í§ã§à§é§Ñ§Û§ê§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ï§æ§Ú§â (§è§Ú) §ß§Ö§Ò§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§ã§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ù§Ó§å§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§Ö§ä§â§å. §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §ß§Ö§Ò§à§ã§Ó§à§Õ§å §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ý§ß§è§Ö§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Ö§ä §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ã §Ý§å§ß§à§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§ß§ñ §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§å §á§à§Õ §å§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Þ §Ó§Ö§ä§â§Ñ, §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ó§Ö§ß§Ñ§Õ§è§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§à§ß§à§Ó, §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç 12 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ñ§Þ-§Ý§å§ß§Ñ§Þ¡­¡±. §¯§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö§Û §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ä§í §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ä§à§ß§Ñ ¨C §´§à§ß§Ñ §¨§Ö§Ý§ä§à§Ô§à §¬§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ. §¿§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §¥§Ñ§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§å§â§Ô§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å§Õ§â§à§Ô§à (§ê§ï§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§î) §Ü§Ñ§Ü ¡°§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§à§ß§Ñ¡± §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§å§Þ§Ñ¡­ §±§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §¥§Ñ§à, §å§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§Ú§â, §ê§ï§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§î §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §ã §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ñ, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§Ú.

§£ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §è§Ö§â§Ü§Ó§Ú §Ù§Ó§à§ß §Ó §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §á§à§à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§à§Þ, §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à ¨C §ä§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§à§ß§à§Þ.

§±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ó §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§ñ§ç §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §ã§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§Ó.§¤§â§Ú§Ô§à§â§Ú§Û §Ö§á§Ú§ã§Ü§à§á §¯§Ú§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§Û (§à§Ü.335-394) §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à ¡°§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §ã§ä§â§à§ð §Ú §â§Ú§ä§Þ§å, §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §ã §ã§à§Ò§à§Û, §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ã§à§Ù§Ó§å§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§à§Ù§Ó§å§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ¡±.

§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û ¨C §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§ç §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û, §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û, §Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§í, §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í (§ã§Þ§í§é§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§í§Ö), §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§í, §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í §Ú §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §á§à§â§ê§ß§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú. §¥§í§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Õ§è§Ñ ¨C §ä§à§Ø§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §ä§à§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û, §ß§à §Ú §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §è§Ö§Ý§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û (§à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Þ) §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ñ §Ø§Ö §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ä§å§ç§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §£ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ï§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í.

§¡§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ö §Ú §Ó §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§Ö§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ö. §£ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç, §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í§ç §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ü§ß§å§ä§í§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú ¨C §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í. §²§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç, §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Þ. §¯§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§Ó §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (§á§â§Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç) §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö. §²§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§ä§å§Õ§í §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ß §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §ß§Ö§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö, §ß§Ö§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ù§Ó§Ö§ß§î§Ö§Ó, §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í. §£ §ß§Ö§Û §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ã §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§à§Þ, §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å, §á§â§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ä§å§ç§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¡§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ð, §á§â§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §à§ä§Ü§Ý§Ú§Ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §á§â§à§á§à§â§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ð. §®§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §ï§ä§Ñ §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ß§í§Þ§Ú §å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Ú §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¡§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §é§Ö§â§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ñ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §á§à§â§è§Ú§Ú §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú, §ä.§Ö. §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã. §µ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í§Û §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Þ, §ä.§Ö. §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú, §á§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Û §à§ä §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ü §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §Ú §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §à§ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä. §¢§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§å §á§â§à§ß§Ú§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§ä§à§Ü, §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §à§ä §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ, §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ö§á§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ, §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§ñ, §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ã §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó §Ü§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å. §±§à §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §ª.§±§â§Ú§Ô§à§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ ¡°§Ó §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ú §Ó §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ñ §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú¡­ §Ó §ß§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ä§Ñ§Þ, §Ô§Õ§Ö §ï§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §ã§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Þ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ¡±.

§£§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §à§ä§â§Ñ§ã§Ý§ñ§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §á§å§ä§î §Ü §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§ç §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §±§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §è§Ö§æ§Ö§Ú§Õ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§à §£§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û. §£ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§í §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §Ö§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ó §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§Ý§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ. §¢§Ý§Ö§ã§Ü §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §à§Õ§ß§å §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§ß§å§ð §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §ã §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§à§Þ §à§ä §Õ§Ó§å§ç-§ä§â§Ö§ç §Õ§à 40 §Õ§ß§Ö§Û. §±§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §ã §Ú§ç §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î§ð §ä§Ñ§Ü, §é§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ñ§â§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ. §¥§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ò§í §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§í §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §á§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§å §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú, §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ö§Ö §ã §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §Ò§Ý§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ, §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. §¦§ã§ä§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §è§Ö§æ§Ö§Ú§Õ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §ä§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à. §¯§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §è§Ö§æ§Ö§Ú§Õ, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ NG§³ 2403 §Ú§Ù §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü §Ó §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §®§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ö. §°§ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à 3,25¡Á 106 §á§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ü.

§£ §ã§Ü§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§ç §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ù§Ó§à§ß§à§é§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ¨C §à§ä §á§à§Ý§å§ã§å§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Õ§à §Ô§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§í§ç. §¿§ä§Ñ §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §Ó §Ô§à§Õ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ê§Ý§í§ç §Ô§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ï§á§à§ç. §£ §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §ï§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§Ù§à§Ö §Ô§à§Õ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ý §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Õ§ß§Ö§Û, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§Ö§Û§é§Ñ§ã ¨C §à§ä 380 §Õ§à 400 §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö. §³§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó§í§ê§Ö (§é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §Ó §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö), §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ö§Ö §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §á§à§Õ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à-§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Þ§å, §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §Þ§à§ß§à§ä§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú, §ã§å§Õ§ñ §á§à §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§ß§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ, §Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ü§à§â§ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú 100 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ý§Ö§ä §Ó §Þ§Ö§Ù§à§Ù§à§Û§ã§Ü§å§ð §ï§â§å. §£ §æ§Ñ§ß§Ö§â§à§Ù§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Ó §ã§å§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §Ó §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à 400 §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ó§à§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Õ§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à 360 §Ó §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ï§á§à§ç§å. §³§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ñ §à§ä §Õ§à§Ü§Ö§Þ§Ò§â§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó 2-4 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ù§Ñ 100 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ý§Ö§ä §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §à§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §à§ä §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü §ç§Ñ§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ñ §®§Ú§ä§é§Ö§Ý§Ý§à§Þ §¶§Ö§Û§Ô§Ö§ß§Ò§Ñ§å§Þ§à§Þ. §°§ß§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §å§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§é§Ö§ß§à §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à. §±§â§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §á§à§â§à§Ô §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §´ §å§Õ§Ó§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú 2§´, 4§´, 8§´, §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à §ä§Ö§ç §á§à§â, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û, §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ñ§ð§ä §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å: §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ó§å§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ä§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö 4,6692, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §¶§Ö§Û§Ô§Ö§ß§Ò§Ñ§å§Þ§Ñ.

§¨§Ú§Ù§ß§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §Õ§Ó§å§ç §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ç ¨C §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö §ã§ß§Ñ §Ú §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ò§à§Õ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §à§Ü§à§Ý§à§ã§å§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ. §¸§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§Ü§à§Ý§à§ã§å§ä§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö§ß §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú (§ã§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Õ§ß§ñ §Ú §ß§à§é§Ú) §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú (§é§Ñ§ã§í, §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Û §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü). §£ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§ç §æ§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§á§Ö§Ý§Ö§à§Ý§à§Ô§à§Ó §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à, §é§ä§à §å §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ú§Ù§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§Ñ§ç, §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ò§à§Õ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ¨C §ã§à§ß §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä 24 §é§Ñ§ã§Ñ, §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ñ 25 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó. §¯§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ, §Ú §Ú§Ù 48 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó ¡°§á§Ö§ë§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §ã§å§ä§à§Ü¡± §ß§Ñ §ã§à§ß §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î 12 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó, §Ñ 36 (§Õ§Ó§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §á§à 16) §à§ä§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §°§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §å§Õ§Ó§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 25-§é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §ã§á§Ñ§Ý §á§à 17 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó, §Ñ 33 §é§Ñ§ã§Ñ §Ò§à§Õ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à 30 §Õ§ß§Ö§Û, §á§à §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ý§à §à§Ü§à§Ý§à §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î.

§±§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î, §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ú§ä§Þ §á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§à§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §¡§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Ü§â§å§Ô§å, §Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Û. §®§í §Ó§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ö§â§å §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §±§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ñ§ð§ä §Ü §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ð §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§í §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ.

§­§ª§´§¦§²§¡§´§µ§²§¡


§¡§ß§Õ§â§à§ß§à§Ó §¡.§¡., §£§Ú§ä§ä §¡.§¡., §·§Ñ§Û§Ü§Ú§ß §³.§¿. §´§Ö§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û (§Ú§Ù§Õ. 2-§à§Ö) §±§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¯.§¡.§¨§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§è§à§Ó§Ñ. ¨C§®.: §¤§à§ã.§Ú§Ù§Õ-§Ó§à §æ§Ú§Ù.-§Þ§Ñ§ä. §Ý§Ú§ä., 1959


§¡§â§ß§à§Ý§î§Õ §£.§ª. §®§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1974


§¢§Ö§Ý§Ö§è§Ü§Ú§Û §£.§£. §°§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§Ý (§Ú§Ù§Õ.2-§Ö, §Õ§à§á.).-§®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1977


§¢§à§â§Ú§ã§Ö§ß§Ü§à§Ó §¦.§±., §¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó §¬.§Á. §¬§â§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §å§Ô§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä. ¨C §­.: §¤§Ú§Õ§â§à§Þ§Ö§ä§Ö§à§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä, 1988


§¢§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ª.§³. §¡§Ò§å §¡§Ò§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ñ§ç §¥§Ø§Ñ§æ§Ñ§â §²§å§Õ§Ñ§Ü§Ú. ¨C§®.: §¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ, §¤§Ý.§â§Ö§Õ.§Ó§à§ã§ä.§Ý§Ú§ä., 1989


§¢§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §£.§£. §ª§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ú §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú. §«§à§Ô§Ñ: §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û. - §®.: §ª§Ù-§Ó§à §®§¤§µ, 1990


§£§Ö§ã§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ª.§³., §¤§â§Ú§Ô§à§â§Ö§ß§Ü§à §¦.§¦., §¥§Þ§Ú§ä§â§Ú§Ö§Ó §¡.§£. §³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 4-§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §³§¸ §Ó §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§ç §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §³§à§Ý§ß§è§Ñ, §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§í §Ú §Ô§Ö§à§Þ§Ñ§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú. §±§â§Ö§á§â§Ú§ß§ä §¬§²§¡§°


§£§Ú§ê§ß§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §¡.§¤. §®§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§Ù§â§í§Ó. - §®.: §©§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, 1978


§¤§Ý§Ö§Û§Ü §¥§Ø. §·§Ñ§à§ã: §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú /§á§Ö§â. §ã §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý.-§³§±§Ò.: §¡§Þ§æ§à§â§Ñ, 2001


§¤§å§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó §­.§¯. §¿§ä§ß§à§ã §Ú §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. ¡°§¥§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í §¤§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §³§³§³§²¡±, 1970, §Ó§í§á.15


§¥§î§ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Ó §ª.§®. §±§å§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú. §°§ä §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Õ§ß§Ö§Û. - §®.: §£§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ, 1995


§ª§Ó§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §£.§³. §³§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ: §á§â§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó. ¨C §®.: §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã, 1992


§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú. §±§Ö§â. §ã §Ü§Ú§ä. (§à§Ò§ë. §â§Ö§Õ. §Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö §®.§­.§´§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§Ü§à. §®.: §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã, 1989


§¬§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§æ§Ñ§ä§Ú §¥.§¥. §´§Ö§â§Þ§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§í §¡§¿§³. §®.-§­.: §¤§à§ã§ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§à§Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä, 1963


§¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó §¯.§¥. §ª§Ù§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §®.: §¿§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ, 1993


§¬§Ñ§á§Ú§è§Ñ §³.§±., §¬§å§â§Õ§ð§Þ§à§Ó §®.§±., §®§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö§è§Ü§Ú§Û §¤.§¤. §³§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à. §®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1997


§¬§à§ß§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó §¬.§Á., §­§à§ã§Ö§Ó §¬.§³., §¡§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ §®.§¥., §¹§Ö§ã§ß§à§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §ª.§£. §¸§Ö§ß§Ñ §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. ¡°§£§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü §²§¡§¯¡±, 2003, §ä.73, ¡í1


§¬§å§ß§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ §®. §¯§Ö§Ó§í§ß§à§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à§ã§ä§î §Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §²§à§Þ§Ñ§ß/§á§Ö§â. §ã §é§Ö§ê§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à, §³§±§Ò.: §¡§Ù§Ò§å§Ü§Ñ-§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§Ü§Ñ, 2002


§­§à§ã§Ö§Ó §¡.§¶. §¡§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú. ¨C §®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1977


§­§à§ã§Ü§å§ä§à§Ó §¡.§À., §®§Ú§ç§Ñ§Û§Ý§à§Ó §¡.§³. §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§Ú§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§å.- §®.: §¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ, §Ô§Ý.§â§Ö§Õ.§æ§Ú§Ù.-§Þ§Ñ§ä. §Ý§Ú§ä., 1990


§¯§Ú§è§ê§Ö §¶. §³§à§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó 2-§ç §ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ç. ¨C §®.: §Ú§Ù§Õ-§Ó§à ¡°§®§í§ã§Ý§î¡±, 1990


§±§â§Ú§Ô§à§Ø§Ú§ß §ª. §°§ä §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ü §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å/§á§Ö§â. §ã §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý. §®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1985


§³§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Ý§î§Ö§Ó§Ñ §ª.§®., §±§à§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ö§Ó §¡.§£. §ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §£ §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §å§ä§â§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à. ¨C §®.: ¡°§Á§Ù§í§Ü§Ú §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í¡±, 1997


§³§Ó.§¤§â§Ú§Ô§à§â§Ú§Û §¯§Ú§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§Û. §´§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§ä§í§ç §à§ä§è§à§Ó §Ó §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ö. §®., 1861


§³§Ö§Ý§Ú§ë§Ö§Ó §¡.§³. §®§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ñ /§á§à§Õ.§â§Ö§Õ.§á§â§à§æ.§¡.§ª.§­§Ö§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à - §³§±§Ò.: §ª§Ù§Õ-§Ó§à §±§Ú§ä§Ö§â, 200


§³§Ú§æ§â §®. §£ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§ß§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú.(§á§Ö§â.§ã §æ§â.) ¨C §®.: §ª§Ù§Õ-§Ó§à ¡°§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã¡±, 1982


§³§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ñ§Ý§Ö§à§ß§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ. §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§³§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§à§Ö §á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Ö) §Ó 2-§ç §ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ç.- §®.: ¡°§¯§Ö§Õ§â§Ñ¡±, 1988


§³§ä§Ö§á§Ñ§ß§ñ§ß§è §®.§´. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ó §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ñ. ¡°§£§à§á§â§à§ã§í §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú¡±, 1991, ¡í3


§¶§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§à§Ó §é.1. §°§ä §ï§á§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§à§Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ô§à§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§ä§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú. §®.: ¡°§¯§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ¡±, 1989


§·§Ñ§â§Ü§Ö§Ó§Ú§é §¡.§¡. §¡§Ó§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §®.: §¤§à§ã.§Ú§Ù§Õ-§Ó§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§à-§ä§Ö§à§â§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ä., 1954


§¿§Û§Ô§Ö§ß §®., §º§å§ã§ä§Ö§â §±. §¤§Ú§á§Ö§â§è§Ú§Ü§Ý. §±§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§Þ§à§Ý§Ö§Ü§å§Ý. §®.: §®§Ú§â, 1982


§Á§Ù§í§Ü §Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä. §³§Ò./§á§Ö§â.§ã §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý. §Ú §ß§Ö§Þ.(§³§à§ã§ä. §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§å§á. §ã§ä. §£.§£.§±§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ. §®.: §ª§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ ¡°§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã¡±, 1996


Gerasimov I.A., Mushailov B.R. Impact of the tidal force from the planets on the brighness of the central Star. Astron. and astrophys. Transaction, 2003. §¤§¡§ª§º


Rosenberg, G.D. and Runcorn, S.K. (eds.). Growth Rhythms and the History of the Earth¡¯s Rotation. New York: Wileg, 1975


Fraser, J.T. Time, conflict and human values. Univ. of Illinois Press. Urbana and Chicago, 1999


Wood R. Composition of sunspot periods with planetary synodic resonances /Nature, 1975, v.255, p.312

Îïóáëèêîâàíî íà Ïîðòàëóñå 11 ôåâðàëÿ 2005 ãîäà

Íîâèíêè íà Ïîðòàëóñå:

Ñåãîäíÿ â òðåíäàõ top-5


Âàøå ìíåíèå?



Èñêàëè ÷òî-òî äðóãîå? Ïîèñê ïî Ïîðòàëóñó:


Î Ïîðòàëóñå Ðåéòèíã Êàòàëîã Àâòîðàì Ðåêëàìà