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HIGH-TECH FUTURE OF RUSSIA

Дата публикации: 26 октября 2018
Автор(ы): Yaroslav RENKAS
Публикатор: Научная библиотека Порталус
Рубрика: ВОПРОСЫ НАУКИ
Номер публикации: №1540508101


Yaroslav RENKAS, (c)

by Yaroslav RENKAS, journalist

The 5th Moscow International Salon of Innovations and Investments was held at the Moscow Exhibition Center in February of 2005. Its main objectives were the promotion of promising technologies and new products to the domestic and foreign markets, attraction of the potential investors and buyers to new and competitive Russian projects as well as stepping up innovatory entrepreneurial activities, assessments of the possibilities of effective uses of our intellectual resources, of the technological and production potential of our R&D organizations and industrial enterprises.

Taking part in the exhibition were more than 400 agencies and organizations, including 19 research centers, 28 institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 centers of scientific and technical information, colleges, consulting agencies, associations and funds, big and small business structures, RF "science cities" and industrial enterprises from more than 40 regions of Russia and also from Japan, France, China, Iran, Ukraine, Byelorussia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and also representatives of the international business circles. The organizers of the Salon proceeded from the assumption that high technologies today determine the economic progress of countries, including Russia. That is why the development of Hi-Tech products with emphasis on their advantages within the international division of labor have no alternatives in building a long-term and stable structure of the real sector of our economy and in ensuring the security of our Motherland.

The subjects of innovations demonstrated at the exhibition were manifold: from fundamental scientific research to advanced industrial equipment and household items. A large section of the show was occupied, as always, by major academic centers. The "flagship" of Russian science-the RAS Institute of Nuclear Research (INR) demonstrated

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new experimental projects linked with continued studies of atomic nuclei, elementary particles, cosmic rays and neutrino astrophysics. In the focus of attention was the Baksan Neutrino Observatory of the RAS Institute of Nuclear Research- a set of unique structures located in one of the canyons near Elbrus. The observatory is equipped with gallium-germanium, scintillatory, lithium-beryllium and chlorine-argon telescopes, KOVER and ANDYRCHI units and underground low-background labs. This equipments used for studies of the internal structure and evolution of the Sun, stars, core of the Galaxy and other objects of the Universe by registering their emissions. They also watch for neutrino bursts in gravitational collapses of stars and new particles and super-rare processes as predicted by the modern theories of elementary particles. The list of such studies also includes interactions of neutrino and muons with matter in the range of high and super-high energies.

The RAS INR display included a description of an underground lab with a unit for irradiation of radio-isotope targets with a proton beam from a linear accelerator (Troitsk, Moscow Region). This method is used for producing a whole number of isotopes for technical and medical uses.

The RAS Institute of Solid State Physics demonstrated a universal technology of crystal growth, such as sapphire of a required profile. It possesses a unique combination of physico-mechanical and optical properties: unusual hardness, chemical inertia, high melting temperature (2,050°C), good permeability in a broad waveband, high strength and high heat conductivity, low vapor elasticity and, consequently, low gas separation in vacuum, low thermal expansion and resistance to thermoshocks. Such crystals are necessary for the production of "windows"

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for scanners and other optical devices functioning in high temperatures, in aggressive media and also for light guides for laser energy supplies.

An impressive display was presented by the RAS Institute of Engineering named after A. Blagonravov. Its specialists demonstrated a new method of wire-drawing from tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, carbonic, stainless and magnetohard steel, copper and other metals and alloys using high-density electric current (up to 10,000 amper/mm2 ) in the deformation zone of the material. Thanks to that the new method features increased single wire compression, reduced wiredrawing tensions by tens of per-cents, one-and-half reduction of the number of transitions and intermediate roasting operations, improved structures and physico-mechanical properties of the final products, ecological cleanliness of production.

A number of technical innovations were demonstrated by the Institute of Catalysis named after G. Boreskov of the RAS Siberian Branch (Novosibirsk). One of them is a recently developed sorbtometer - a device measuring total specific surface of dispersed and porous materials by the method of thermal

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Products of the RAS Institute of Nuclear Research. 1 - Xenon adapter KNP-01; 2 - anaesthetic apparatus of DAMESA firm.

denudation of the gas-adsorbate. The main feature of the instrument is the design of its main unit which makes it possible to fully automate the process of multiple measurements of materials for obtaining the most authentic result during optimal time intervals. The mechanism of preparation and dosing of the gas mixture in the device makes it possible for the user to use as gas-adsorbate either argon or nitrogen without readjustments of the instrument. The ergonomic system of data control and extraction, combined with high reliability of the instrument makes the sorbtometer easy to use.

Among other interesting works of Siberian specialists, one should mention products of the R&D Center of the Tomsk State University. These are advanced pulsed electron-ray units "Ritm" and "Solo", which are the source of broad-aperture strong-current low-energy beams (diameter of up to 10 cm) for super-fast heating in vacuum of metal parts for effective cleaning of their surface, flattening of their "relief, glazing of their surface, sharpening, milling, etc. Roughness of metal items is eliminated to the depth of several tens of millimeters. Demonstrated on several stands at the Salon this year were products of the Republic of Tatarstan which has a developed aircraft industry. At the present time its R&D specialists are developing new NK-93 engines for airliners of the latest generation - Il-96, Tu-214, Tu-330, An-10 and for power units AI-22 for Tu-324 and Yak-48 aircraft. Engineers of Tatarstan are also working on piston motors for new air-screw machines.

Among the exhibitors was the Kazan Helicopter Plant which has updated the popular Mi-8 helicopter. Developed on its basis are Mi-17 multipurpose helicopter; Mi-172-a passenger modification of the base machine for 28 passengers; Mi-17-V5-a transport version (cargo is located inside the cabin and on external suspension); Mi-17-IV which is used as a flying hospital.

Many entries were provided by Ural scientists and engineers. The DATA-CENTER firm from Yekaterinburg demonstrated ecologically clean and waste-free minimetallurgical plants which can be best used in areas of Russia where big

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Products of CJSC "DUNY Medico-Ecological Center (Tomsk): 1 - silver tablet - autonomous bipolar stimulator of the gastro-intestinal tract; 2 - photon tablet - stimulator for endogenic electrophototherapy.

iron-and-steel combines would be most profitable to build.

That includes, above all, Siberia and the Far East with their huge and still untouched deposits of metallurgical raws. The aforesaid "mini-plants" can be built there relatively quickly, repaying the investments through the sales of their products. In the future such plants can be easily enlarged into powerful metallurgical complexes.

One of the major trends in the Salon was demonstration of innovations helping to deal with geological problems. The tone was set by the All-Russia Scientific-Research Institute of Mineral Raws named after N. Fedorovsky (Moscow)-pioneer in the development and introduction of modern effective technologies of mining, enrichment and processing of minerals. Its experts pioneered a promising method of drillhole hydro-extraction of ores, a highly-effective method of their dressing with the use of gravitation, magnetic and radiometric separation. Local experts also developed a unique combination technology for economic production of niobium, scandium, neodymium and phosphorus which practically meets all of the domestic industrial requirements.

Many exhibits on the display reflected the current level of the Russian agricultural, medical, ecological and household equipment. But taking a closer look at them would take much more than the space of a single article.

Summing it up, exhibitions of this kind help promote the effective utilization of Russia's intellectual and scientific-and-technical potential, promote its contribution into the development of inter-regional and international links. They promote the introduction of the most promising projects and achievements into the real sector of the economy and attract foreign investors.

Опубликовано на Порталусе 26 октября 2018 года

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