Topic No. 5 for officers,

No. 8 for ensigns (midshipmen),

N 4 for sergeants (petty officers), soldiers (sailors).

questions:

1. Scientific bases of military policy of the Russian Federation.

2. Ensuring the country's military security is the most important direction of Russia's military policy.

The military policy of the Russian Federation is a necessary and important element of general political and foreign policy activities aimed at ensuring the national security of the state, preventing war and military conflicts, and strengthening strategic stability. The scientific and conceptual core of military policy is the Military Doctrine.

1

Military policy (VP) is a complex and very important sphere of life of many states, including Russia. As a result, there is a growing need for a more thorough examination of the essence of EAP, the factors that determine its content, structure, nature of external manifestations, and development trends in modern conditions.

In a broad sense, military policy is a policy carried out in the military field, i.e. military aspects of the internal and foreign policy of a state. At the same time, it is not a separate, specific, independent part of politics in general. The EAP integrates a wide variety of political, economic, scientific, technical and other activities, directing them to solve specific tasks related to ensuring the military security of society, the state, and the individual.

Military policy implements the activities of socio-political forces and specially created state institutions that have emerged at the intersection of national policy and military strategy. It is aimed at the formation and use of violent means (intentional or involuntary, military or non-military violence), both armed and unarmed, to conduct wars and military conflicts or to counter them, as well as to ensure national and regional security.

Thus, military policy is an integral part of the general policy of the state, directly related to the creation of a military organization, the preparation and use of violent means to achieve certain political goals.

The purpose of the military policy of the Russian Federation is to create favorable conditions for the sustainable all-round development of society, the state, and its citizens, ensuring their military security and protecting vital interests.

According to its purpose, military policy is designed to:

- assess the possibility, necessity and limits of using military force to achieve political goals;

- determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the necessary and sufficient military force, guide the process of military construction;

- develop methods of using military force, ways to counter a potential aggressor and interact with allies, and direct military actions.

The purpose and purpose of the Russian Federation's military policy is consistent with the provisions of the UN Charter and the Helsinki Accords of 1975 and 1992. The Charter of Paris of 1990, the Istanbul Charter of 1999 and other international treaties, agreements and arrangements.

The military policy of Russia, like any other state, has two interrelated sides-internal and external. If the external side includes problems of the use of military force in interstate relations, then the internal side determines the prospects and daily activities of the state to maintain its defense capability and

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readiness of the Armed Forces for use.

In accordance with the new scientific approach, the military policy of the Russian Federation is designed to perform two main functions in the state: scientific and analytical (predictive) and organizational and practical (managerial). Their correlation is determined by the nature of the military policy itself, the general policy of the state, the objective conditions of its functioning and development, as well as subjective factors related to the political and military leadership, its attitude to science, military affairs, etc.

The subjects of military policy are the highest bodies of legislative and executive power, bodies of the military leadership of the state, military-political unions and treaties.

The objects of military policy are those areas of life of Russian society that form the military potential, military power of the state-the economy, science and technology, socio-political relations and social structures, public consciousness, etc.

The direction of Russia's military policy has undergone significant changes in recent decades. Under the influence of major socio-economic and military-political changes, it overcame the confrontational nature caused by the confrontation during the Cold War. The EAP of the Russian Federation at the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI century has a peaceful character, is distinguished by a balanced and constructive approach to solving the most complex problems and contradictions, and the desire to achieve positive results in the process of cooperation, including military and political, with a variety of countries.

The specific content of military policy is determined by the following factors::

- economic, political and other interests of the Russian state, its constituent classes, nations, social groups, and regions, as expressed in the National Security Concept, Military Doctrine, and other documents and guidelines;

- potential and real opportunities of Russia as a subject

Eas that allow you to realize these interests;

- internal and external conditions of the state and its most important institutions, the degree of threat to its security.

The main thing that determines the essence, content and direction of the EAP of the Russian Federation is its economic and political interests as a subject of this activity. As Hegel wrote, "a close examination of history convinces us that people's actions are derived from their needs, their passions, and their interests... and only they play the main role."

The most important direction of Russia's military policy is to ensure favorable and mutually beneficial economic, political, cultural, scientific and other ties and relations with all countries, especially with neighboring ones, and to establish a world order in which the solution of urgent problems is carried out not under the dictates of one country or a certain military-political union of states, but as a result of joint decisions, mostly under the auspices of the United Nations.

A number of relatively independent components can be distinguished in the EAP structure (see diagram 1).

A set of ideas and principles. The scientific and conceptual core of the EAP is the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, developed by the highest bodies of political and military leadership, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on April 21, 2000. The theoretical foundations of the Military Doctrine are prepared and justified by an in-depth scientific analysis of military-political practice. The ideas and attitudes of the Military Doctrine determine the general direction of the military-political activity of the state and a systematic approach to its implementation both in the near and long term.

Military-political decisions and plans. This is one of the most complex and critical elements of an EAP. As you know, the military-political situation in Russia and in the world is subject to continuous changes. Some of them occur suddenly, affecting the deepest, vital interests of the state, peoples, and communities. They require a timely, sometimes urgent, response, making responsible, sometimes fateful decisions, and consistently and steadily implementing them. These decisions should reflect the specifics of the specific situation and, of course, comply with the provisions and guidelines of the Military Doctrine. The degree of necessity and ability to implement decisions and plans taken indicate the effectiveness of military - political activities.

Practical activities to implement the doctrinal provisions, adopted plans and decisions are carried out in the following areas::

- management of military construction in general, especially the construction of the Armed Forces, related to the creation of the foundations of the country's military potential, which requires the development and implementation of scientific military-economic, military-technical policies, as well as military aspects of social, demographic, and cultural policies;

- regulation of military-political relations with other states, coalitions, and armed forces, based on the active use of the entire arsenal of methods and means of military diplomacy (issues of military-technical equipment, development of organizational structures of troops, etc.).

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fleets, their deployment, management, training and joint actions in specific situations);

- management of military-political actions of various nature and scale on the territory of Russia and on the international arena, designed to ensure coordination of actions with allied forces, neutralization or indirect use of forces not involved in the conflict (incident), resolute opposition to the enemy, defeat of its military force (management of actions to prevent war or the course of war, actions to prevent repulse the aggressor or the deployment of aggression, to stabilize the internal situation or its destabilization).

The structure of the EAP implies its meaningful definition as a set of guiding ideas, provisions, concrete decisions and practical actions aimed at creating military capabilities and achieving political goals by military means.

Military policy is a system of attitudes, attitudes, and institutions, as well as the activities of the state or its individual institutions determined by them, aimed at creating, preparing, and using military force for political purposes (see diagram 2).

The mechanism of interaction between a subject and an object in the structure of the EAP of the Russian Federation is as follows. The State, as a subject of the EAP, defines political goals and prepares appropriate means of violence (both military and non-military) to achieve them. At the same time, the correspondence of goals and means to the specific conditions of a given military-political situation contributes to their successful implementation in the process of using military force. Otherwise, there is an objective need to expand or raise the quality level of the attracted means of violence, which is undesirable in modern conditions, or to make appropriate adjustments to the goals and objectives of the EAP. The desire to continue to implement the EAP, in which there is a significant imbalance between the goals set and the possibilities of achieving them, can lead to failure, failure not only in military policy, but also to a crisis in the policy of the state as a whole.

2

In recent years, life has made major adjustments to the specific content of the EAP of the Russian Federation, both in the established views and concepts on this issue, and in the decisions taken. In new military-political approaches and concepts, judgments are increasingly taking place that war and military force are not the most effective tool of politics, that security cannot be provided only by military-technical means. Therefore, the main focus in resolving conflicts and contentious issues should be focused on political means and diplomatic efforts. At the same time, there are still sources of military danger in the world. And while the non-use of force has not become the norm in international relations, Russia's national interests require sufficient military power for its defense.

In line with these approaches, the constitutional foundations for ensuring Russia's security, the Law on Defense, the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, and the Fundamentals (concept) of the state policy of the Russian Federation on Military construction for the period up to 2005 were developed and adopted.

The main goals of the military policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage, resulting from the conceptual directions and provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, are the following::

- prevention of large-scale military clashes on the world stage, assistance in stopping and preventing armed conflicts between the former republics of the USSR, prompt neutralization of any military provocations;

- protecting the independence of Russia, ensuring security, sovereignty, inviolability of borders, territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, deterring from unleashing wars and military conflicts directed against it;

- implementation of international agreements

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obligations of the Russian Federation to provide military assistance to allied States and participate in peacekeeping operations;

- ensuring the actions of the UN Security Council and other international organizations to maintain peace and security at the earliest possible stage of the development of a threatening situation or conflict;

- maintaining the country's defense potential at a level adequate to existing and potential military threats, taking into account its socio-economic and financial capabilities.

In this regard, the military-political leadership of Russia is doing much to ensure that a scientifically based, balanced military policy ensures the implementation of necessary measures in the field of military cooperation with other countries, optimizing the military organization of the state, and creating a military force that meets modern realities.

The main content of ensuring military security related to the implementation of military-political activities, mainly in the sphere of foreign policy of the Russian Federation in peacetime, includes::

- formation and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of ensuring military security;

- maintenance of internal political stability, protection of the constitutional order, integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation;

- development and strengthening of friendly (allied) relations with neighbors and other states;

- creation and improvement of the defense system of the Russian Federation and its allies;

- comprehensive provision and qualitative improvement of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, maintaining their readiness for coordinated actions to prevent, localize and neutralize external and internal threats;

- protection of objects and structures of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean, outer space, on the territories of foreign countries, navigation, fishing and other activities in the adjacent sea zone and remote areas of the World Ocean;

- protection and protection of the State Border of the Russian Federation within the border territory, airspace and underwater environment, as well as the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf and their natural resources;

- support, if necessary, political actions of the Russian Federation by carrying out appropriate military measures, monitoring the mutual implementation of obligations in the field of limitation, reduction and elimination of armaments, and building confidence-building measures;

- ensuring readiness to participate (participate) in peacekeeping activities.

The Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation defines that international military (military-political) and military-technical cooperation is carried out on the basis of foreign policy and economic expediency, as well as the tasks of ensuring the military security of the Russian Federation and its allies.

Proceeding from this, the Russian Federation carries out international military-political cooperation in accordance with foreign policy and economic expediency, the tasks of ensuring the military security of the Russian Federation and its allies, acting in accordance with legislation and international obligations, based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit and good-neighborliness, and in the interests of international stability, national, regional and global security.

At the same time, the military and political leadership of the Russian Federation proceeds from the fact that in modern conditions, political and diplomatic, legal, economic, informational and other means are of priority. Their integrated use is aimed at reducing the degree of military dangers and threats; strengthening military and political stability in Russia and on the world stage; creating an unacceptable environment for the actions of aggressive, extremist, and terrorist forces, isolating them in the world and in the region; preventing interstate military conflicts; and resolving crisis situations by peaceful and political means.

At the same time, the possibilities of political and diplomatic methods and means of ensuring military security should not be exaggerated. It is known that in the practice of interstate relations, they are usually implemented not easily, for a long time, with certain restrictions, conditions, etc. We must not forget that, in addition, we often have to deal with manifestations of political and military passivity, on the one hand, and military and political adventurism, on the other.

Another priority of military policy is the construction and training of a military organization of the state, designed to ensure guaranteed protection of "the national interests and military security of the Russian Federation and its allies." We refused to unilaterally implement the principle of "defense sufficiency", as this played a negative role in the construction of the Armed Forces, weakened the military-industrial complex of the country. This principle is focused only on "defensive" actions to protect national interests, while the troops were often assigned a passive role. The nature and methods of actions of the Armed Forces should not only guarantee the military security of the country, but also serve as a powerful deterrent against internal and external destructive and aggressive forces.

An important role in the implementation of the military security strategy is assigned to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. To do this, they must have all the necessary resources. The Military Doctrine in this regard states that " The Russian Federation proceeds from the need to possess a nuclear potential capable of guaranteeing the infliction of a given damage to any aggressor (state or coalition of states) in any conditions. At the same time, the Russian Federation considers nuclear weapons equipped with the Russian Armed Forces as a factor in deterring aggression, ensuring the military security of the Russian Federation and its allies, and maintaining international stability and peace."

Colonel Vladimir LUTOVINOV, Deputy Head of the Department of the Central Research Center of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, Doctor of Philosophy

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